Trial reportBMJ global health2020
Combining parenting and economic strengthening programmes to reduce violence against children: a cluster randomised controlled trial with predominantly male caregivers in rural Tanzania.
Trial report in BMJ global health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02633319 (Malezi ne Kilimo Bora), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Malezi ne Kilimo Bora (Good Parenting and Farming) - Skilful Parenting and Agribusiness Child Abuse Prevention Study (SPACAPS)
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Primary-level and community worker interventions for the prevention of mental disorders and the promotion of well-being in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: a cluster-randomized trial in Rwanda.BMJ global health · 2021Trial
- Effects of an early childhood father engagement program in Rohingya camps and host community in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh: a cluster randomized controlled trial.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Estimating the human development impacts and economic returns from an adolescent cash 'plus' programme in Kenya: An economic modelling study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Outside versus inside the home: Tensions between fathers' work and parenting responsibilities in Tanzania.PloS one · 2026Article
- Can a programme to support parents reduce both violence against women and violence against children? A pre-post pilot test in Zimbabwe.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Community-identified priorities for parenting and parental mental health in coastal Ghana: Formative insights to shape a multi-component intervention.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- The enduring impact of adverse childhood family experiences on depressive symptoms in late adulthood: a network analysis based on CHARLS data.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Exploring Early Childhood Development Interventions for Building Human Capital in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Scoping Review.Child: care, health and development · 2025Article
- Scaling up of parenting support to prevent violence against children in Tanzania: insights from policymakers and service providers.Implementation science communications · 2025Article
- Reducing family and school-based violence at scale: a large-scale pre-post study of a parenting programme delivered to families with adolescent girls in Tanzania.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- Parenting Interventions to Prevent and Reduce Physical Punishment: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Investigating the feasibility of implementing the SafeCare parenting program in birthing centers in Haiti.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Fathers' engagement in a parenting program primarily intended for female caregivers: An early qualitative process evaluation in Western Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- "Good fathers": Community perceptions of idealized fatherhood and reported fathering behaviors in Mwanza, Tanzania.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Formative research to inform the future design of a multicomponent fatherhood intervention to improve early child development in Mwanza, Tanzania.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- Assessing the Feasibility of Economic Approaches to Prevent Substance Abuse Among Adolescents: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Assessing the cost-effectiveness of economic strengthening and parenting support for preventing violence against adolescents in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa: An economic modelling study using non-randomised data.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionParenting programmes may reduce the risk of violence against children and improve child well-being. However, additional economic support may be necessary in highly deprived rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, delivering programmes within farmer groups may increase male caregiver recruitment and engagement.
methodsA parallel cluster randomised controlled trial examined the combined and separate effects of parenting and economic strengthening programmes on reducing violence against children aged 0-18 years in farming communities in Tanzania (n=248 families; 63% male caregivers). Eight villages were randomly assigned to four conditions (2:2:2:2): (1) 12-session parenting programme (n=60); (2) agribusiness training (n=56); (3) parenting and agribusiness combined (n=72); (4) control (n=60). Parent-report, child-report and early childhood observation assessments were conducted at baseline, mid-treatment and post-treatment. Primary outcomes were child maltreatment and parenting behaviour. Secondary outcomes included corporal punishment endorsement, parenting stress, parent/child depression, child behaviour, economic well-being and child development.
resultsAt post-treatment, parents and children receiving the combined interventions reported less maltreatment (parents: incidence rate ratio (IRR=0.40, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.65; children: IRR=0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.92). Parents reported reduced endorsement of corporal punishment (
conclusionParent training may be the active ingredient in reducing maltreatment in farmer groups with majority male caregivers, while agribusiness training programmes may have unintended negative consequences on children when delivered alone. Locating parenting support in existing farmer groups can engage much higher proportions of fathers than stand-alone programmes.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02633319.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.