ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Optimizing Irradiation Geometry in LED-Based Photoacoustic Imaging with 3D Printed Flexible and Modular Light Delivery System.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Suite of 3D test objects for performance assessment of hybrid photoacoustic-ultrasound breast imaging systems.Journal of biomedical optics · 2021Article
- Photoacoustic imaging for monitoring of stroke diseases: A review.Photoacoustics · 2021Review
- Review of consensus test methods in medical imaging and current practices in photoacoustic image quality assessment.Journal of biomedical optics · 2021Review
- Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging and Sensing Using Affordable Resources.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Multiangle Long-Axis Lateral Illumination Photoacoustic Imaging Using Linear Array Transducer.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging-a technique combining the ability of optical imaging to probe functional properties of the tissue and deep structural imaging ability of ultrasound-has gained significant popularity in the past two decades for its utility in several biomedical applications. More recently, light-emitting diodes (LED) are being explored as an alternative to bulky and expensive laser systems used in PA imaging for their portability and low-cost. Due to the large beam divergence of LEDs compared to traditional laser beams, it is imperative to quantify the angular dependence of LED-based illumination and optimize its performance for imaging superficial or deep-seated lesions. A custom-built modular 3-D printed hinge system and tissue-mimicking phantoms with various absorption and scattering properties were used in this study to quantify the angular dependence of LED-based illumination. We also experimentally calculated the source divergence of the pulsed-LED arrays to be 58° ± 8°. Our results from point sources (pencil lead phantom) in non-scattering medium obey the cotangential relationship between the angle of irradiation and maximum PA intensity obtained at various imaging depths, as expected. Strong dependence on the angle of illumination at superficial depths (-5°/mm at 10 mm) was observed that becomes weaker at intermediate depths (-2.5°/mm at 20 mm) and negligible at deeper locations (-1.1°/mm at 30 mm). The results from the tissue-mimicking phantom in scattering media indicate that angles between 30-75° could be used for imaging lesions at various depths (12 mm-28 mm) where lower LED illumination angles (closer to being parallel to the imaging plane) are preferable for deep tissue imaging and superficial lesion imaging is possible with higher LED illumination angles (closer to being perpendicular to the imaging plane). Our results can serve as a priori knowledge for the future LED-based PA system designs employed for both preclinical and clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.