ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2020
3D Printing of Cell Culture Devices: Assessment and Prevention of the Cytotoxicity of Photopolymers for Stereolithography.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Defining Operational Limits of Low-Cost MSLA 3D Printing for Microfluidic Systems: Resin Performance, Cell Compatibility, and Fluid Dynamics.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Biocompatible designated Resin-3D-printed polymers exhibit reproductive toxicity prevented by Parylene-C.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Female Reproductive Tract Organ-on-Chips: Modeling Barrier Function and Drug Transport.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Augmented 3D Printing for Multiscale Microphysiological Systems.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Review
- Flexible 3D-Printable Materials for Application in Medical Research: A Comprehensive Comparison of Commercially Available Materials.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2025Article
- Evaluation of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed devices for microfluidic-based cell culture studies.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Advancing Modular Microfluidics: Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Reconfigurable Connectors for Bioanalytical Applications.International journal of bioprinting · 2025Article
- Development of a flexible 3D printed TPU-PVC microfluidic devices for organ-on-a-chip applications.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 3D Printing in Biocatalysis and Biosensing: From General Concepts to Practical Applications.Chemistry, an Asian journal · 2024Review
- Materials Characterization of Stereolithography 3D Printed Polymer to Develop a Self-Driven Microfluidic Device for Bioanalytical Applications.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Design and Biofunctionalization of Cloud Sponge-Inspired Scaffolds for Enhanced Bone Cell Performance.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Rapid Biofabrication of an Advanced Microphysiological System Mimicking Phenotypical Heterogeneity and Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Article
- Adaptable Manufacturing and Biofabrication of Milliscale Organ Chips With Perfusable Vascular Beds.Biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Parylene C Coating Efficacy Studies: Enhancing Biocompatibility of 3D Printed Polyurethane Parts for Biopharmaceutical and CGT Applications.ACS applied bio materials · 2024Article
- Improved cell growth on additively manufactured Ti64 substrates with varying porosity and nanofibrous coating.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Photocurable Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Nanocomposite for the 3D Printing of Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors.Polymers · 2023Article
- Advances in tissue engineering and biofabrication forBioprinting (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Engineering a multicompartment in vitro model for dorsal root ganglia phenotypic assessment.Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials · 2023Article
- Assessing Leachable Cytotoxicity of 3D-Printed Polymers and Facile Detoxification Methods.3D printing and additive manufacturing · 2023Article
- A Scalable, Modular Degasser for Passive In-Line Removal of Bubbles from Biomicrofluidic Devices.Micromachines · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
3D printing is increasingly important for the rapid prototyping of advanced and tailor-made cell culture devices. In this context, stereolithography represents a method for the rapid generation of prototypes from photocurable polymers. However, the biocompatibility of commercially available photopolymers is largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the cytotoxicity of six polymers, two of them certified as biocompatible according to ISO 10993-5:2009, and we evaluated, if coating with Parylene, an inert polymer widely used in medical applications, might shield cells from the cytotoxic effects of a toxic polymer. In addition, we evaluated the processability, reliability, and consistency of the details printed. Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used for cytotoxicity testing as they are widely used and promising for numerous applications in regenerative medicine. MSCs were incubated together with printed photopolymers, and the cytotoxicity was assessed. All photopolymers significantly reduced the viability of MSCs while the officially biocompatible resins displayed minor toxic effects. Further, coating with Parylene completely protected MSCs from toxic effects. In conclusion, none of the tested polymers can be fully recommended for rapid prototyping of cell culture devices. However, coating with Parylene can shield cells from toxic effects and thus might represent a viable option until more compatible materials are available.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.