ArticleCell reports2020
GM-CSF Calibrates Macrophage Defense and Wound Healing Programs during Intestinal Infection and Inflammation.
Article in Cell reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: A double-blind, phase 1/2a, randomized controlled trial.Stem cells translational medicine · 2021Trial
- Endoscopic Application of GM-CSF, Fosfomycin, and Metronidazole in Pouchitis, a Phase I Safety and Pilot Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Concerted changes in the pediatric single-cell intestinal ecosystem before and after anti-TNF blockade.eLife · 2026Article
- Fibrin-rich environment drives catheter-associated UTIs by suppressing macrophage defenses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Group 2 innate lymphoid cells program pulmonary adaptive immunity via granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Targeted and quantitatively modeled biologic delivery via dual-functional probiotic yeast in inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Role of itaconate in intestinal disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular and immunohistochemical characterization of intestinal macrophages subsets in goldfish.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Article
- Targeting Folate Receptors for the Detection and Selective Treatment of Cancer: Advanced Precision Oncology in Practice.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Development and functional adaptation of intestinal macrophages across the lifespan.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophages dynamically integrate neuro-immune-microbial network signals: their role in gastrointestinal motility disorders and targeting potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Serum Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Clinical Remission: A Cross-Sectional Comparison by Anti-TNF Therapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- GM-CSF promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage activation associated with Akt/mTOR signaling during experimental colitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The shifting balance: innate lymphoid cell plasticity in chronic gut diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune-related mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in the intestinal microenvironment as a potential intervention for autism spectrum disorder patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Effect of Dezocine and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants in Ropivacaine for Incision Subcutaneous Infiltration Anesthesia on Incision Healing in Diabetic Rats.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Article
- The interaction network between group 3 innate lymphoid cells and other cells.Fundamental research · 2025Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in intestinal immunity, but inappropriate macrophage activation is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here, we identify granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a critical regulator of intestinal macrophage activation in patients with IBD and mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. We find that GM-CSF drives the maturation and polarization of inflammatory intestinal macrophages, promoting anti-microbial functions while suppressing wound-healing transcriptional programs. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are a major source of GM-CSF in intestinal inflammation, with a strong positive correlation observed between ILC or CSF2 transcripts and M1 macrophage signatures in IBD mucosal biopsies. Furthermore, GM-CSF-dependent macrophage polarization results in a positive feedback loop that augmented ILC3 activation and type 17 immunity. Together, our data reveal an important role for GM-CSF-mediated ILC-macrophage crosstalk in calibrating intestinal macrophage phenotype to enhance anti-bacterial responses, while inhibiting pro-repair functions associated with fibrosis and stricturing, with important clinical implications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.