ReviewJournal of cardiovascular pharmacology2020
Levosimendan Efficacy and Safety: 20 Years of SIMDAX in Clinical Use.
Review in Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Levosimendan vs. Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Meta-Analysis.Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Levosimendan and Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2024Pooled it
- Performance of the heart failure risk scores in predicting 1 year mortality and short-term readmission of patients.ESC heart failure · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical efficacy and hemodynamic effects of levosimendan in cardiac surgery patients after surgery.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2025Trial
- Weaning from invasive ventilation with levosimendan (WEANLESS): study protocol for a multicentre randomised clinical trial.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Levosimendan in Cardiogenic Shock: A Review of Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Therapeutic Use.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Levosimendan in burn wound ischemia: Mechanistic rationale and therapeutic potential.BioImpacts : BI · 2026Article
- Early use of levosimendan to improve survival and neurological outcomes after cardiac arrest with myocardial dysfunction: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of levosimendan in acute heart failure patients with different body mass index: a multicenter, retrospective, observational real-world study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Clinical Importance of Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors on Outcomes in Patients With Cardiogenic Shock - A Systematic Review.Circulation reports · 2025Article
- Staggered use of sodium nitroprusside and levosimendan in a patient with refractory cardiogenic shock: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2025Article
- Levosimendan vs. Dobutamine in Patients with Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Pre-Procedural Use of Levosimendan in High-Risk ACS-PCI Patients with Reduced Left Ventricle Ejection Fraction-Short-Term Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Levosimendan Use on All-Cause Mortality in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Survivors After Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Lowering B-type natriuretic peptide levels and increasing cardiac function: the role of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Bibliometric analysis of levosimendan.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2025Review
- The Early Pharmacological Strategy with Inodilator, bEta-blockers, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, Sodium-glucose coTransporter-2 Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor-neprylisin Inhibitors in Acute Heart Failure (PENTA-HF).Current vascular pharmacology · 2025Observational
- Levosimendan mediates the BMP/Smad axis through upregulation of circUSP34-targeted miR-1298 to alleviate pulmonary hypertension.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Impact of Levosimendan and Its Metabolites on Platelet Activation Mechanisms in Patients during Antiplatelet Therapy-Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Levosimendan for sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: friend or foe?Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
51 authors at 20 institutions in 23 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Levosimendan was first approved for clinical use in 2000, when authorization was granted by Swedish regulatory authorities for the hemodynamic stabilization of patients with acutely decompensated chronic heart failure (HF). In the ensuing 20 years, this distinctive inodilator, which enhances cardiac contractility through calcium sensitization and promotes vasodilatation through the opening of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells, has been approved in more than 60 jurisdictions, including most of the countries of the European Union and Latin America. Areas of clinical application have expanded considerably and now include cardiogenic shock, takotsubo cardiomyopathy, advanced HF, right ventricular failure, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac surgery, critical care, and emergency medicine. Levosimendan is currently in active clinical evaluation in the United States. Levosimendan in IV formulation is being used as a research tool in the exploration of a wide range of cardiac and noncardiac disease states. A levosimendan oral form is at present under evaluation in the management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. To mark the 20 years since the advent of levosimendan in clinical use, 51 experts from 23 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Ukraine) contributed to this essay, which evaluates one of the relatively few drugs to have been successfully introduced into the acute HF arena in recent times and charts a possible development trajectory for the next 20 years.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.