ArticleInternational journal of cancer2021
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: Incidence and long-term risk of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Scientific Progress and Impacts to Pathology Practice.International journal of gynecological pathology : official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists · 2026Review
- Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of various treatment modalities in vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (vHSIL): a systematic review.Gynecologic oncology reports · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Performance of the ASCL1/ZNF582 Methylation Test for Detection of High-Grade Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Vulvar Cancer.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Article
- Vulvar cancer.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Article
- Development of a risk assessment model for the recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in Chinese cohort.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Use of p53 immunohistochemistry can improve diagnostic agreement for differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN): an international reproducibility study.Histopathology · 2026Article
- Review
- Artificial Intelligence and Colposcopy: Detection and Classification of Vulvar HPV-Related Low-Grade and High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Vulval Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A 15-Year Review of Treatment Outcomes in a UK Centre.Cureus · 2025Article
- The future of research on vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia: towards precision diagnostics and risk stratification.Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association · 2025Article
- Risk of invasive penile cancer after treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia.BJU international · 2025Article
- Reconstruction of the Vulva and Perineum-Comparison of Surgical Methods.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- High Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Vulvar Cancer Among Vietnamese Women: Implications for Vaccination Strategies.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Adjuvant nonavalent HPV vaccination in women treated for vulvar HSIL, a randomized placebo-controlled trial; VulVaccin study protocol.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- DNA methylation and copy number alterations in the progression of HPV-associated high-grade vulvar intraepithelial lesion.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions of the anogenital region.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-invasive diagnosis of vulvar dysplasia using cervical methylation markers-a case control study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Advancing the Fight Against Cervical Cancer: The Promise of Therapeutic HPV Vaccines.Vaccines · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The risk of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) in patients with high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is considered lower in high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) compared to differentiated VIN (dVIN), but studies are limited. Our study investigated both the incidence of high-grade VIN and the cumulative incidence of VSCC in patients with HSIL and dVIN separately. A database of women diagnosed with high-grade VIN between 1991 and 2011 was constructed with data from the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). The European standardized incidence rate (ESR) and VSCC risk were calculated, stratified for HSIL and dVIN. The effects of type of VIN (HSIL vs dVIN), age and lichen sclerosis (LS) were estimated by Cox regression. In total, 1148 patients were diagnosed with high-grade VIN between 1991 and 2011. Between 1991-1995 and 2006-2011, the ESR of HSIL increased from 2.39 (per 100 000 woman-years) to 3.26 and the ESR of dVIN increased from 0.02 to 0.08. The 10-year cumulative VSCC risk was 10.3%; 9.7% for HSIL and 50.0% for dVIN (log rank P < .001). Type of VIN, age and presence of LS were independent risk factors for progression to VSCC, with hazard ratios of 3.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-7.1), 2.3 (95% CI 1.5-3.4) and 3.1 (95% CI 1.8-5.3), respectively. The incidence of high-grade VIN is rising. Because of the high cancer risk in patients with dVIN, better identification and timely recognition are urgently needed.
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