ReviewBiophysical reviews2020
IL-34, IL-36 and IL-38 in colorectal cancer-key immunoregulators of carcinogenesis.
Review in Biophysical reviews, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Nanomaterial-Based Strategies Targeting IL-1 Signalling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Therapeutic Applications and Mechanistic Insights.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
- The pivotal role of cytokines in liver disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Characterizing macrophage diversity in colorectal malignancies through single-cell genomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The distinct roles of IL-37 and IL-38 in non-small cell lung carcinoma and their clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- [Expression of interleukin-34 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical implications].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2023Article
- New insights on IL‑36 in intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Combination of IL-34 and AFP improves the diagnostic value during the development of HBV related hepatocellular carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Role of Interleukin-36 in inflammatory joint diseases.Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2023Review
- Serum IL-38 Level Was Associated with Incidence of MACE in the STEMI Patients.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- IL-1RAP, a Key Therapeutic Target in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Clinical implications of interleukins-31, 32, and 33 in gastric cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory Role ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Differential Expression and Prognostic Correlation of Immune Related Factors Between Right and Left Side Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- The Role of IL-37 and IL-38 in Colorectal Cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- The role of IL-38 in intestinal diseases - its potential as a therapeutic target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Interleukin-34 promotes tumorigenic signals for colon cancer cells.Cell death discovery · 2021Review
- Apatinib inhibits gastric carcinoma development by regulating the expression levels of IL-17 via the Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathway.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- The Role of IL-37 and IL-38 in Obstetrics Abnormalities.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Loss of IL-34 Expression Indicates Poor Prognosis in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is still a big killer nowadays, but the precise underlying mechanism remains to be explored. It is believed that imbalance of host immunity in the local microenvironment plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of CRC. IL-34 is inversely correlated with overall survival in CRC patients, perhaps via regulating terminal differentiation of a subset of macrophages (M2). It is believed that the recruitment/differentiation of M2 macrophages within the cancer simply represents an increase in number, but the function of these M2 macrophages may be compromised. IL-36s (IL-36α, β and γ) are constitutively expressed in non-cancer colon tissue, but colonic IL-36α, IL-36β and IL-36γ are substantially reduced in the CRC tissues (~ 80%). IL-36α is an independent factor affecting the survival of CRC patients. The level of IL-36α and/or IL-36γ in CRC tissue could potentially be used as biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of CRC at both the later or early stages of CRC. IL-38 is also an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Colonic IL-38 is ~ 95% lower in CRC compared to non-CRC colonic tissue, consistent with the positive correlation between differentiation of CRC, and colonic tumour expression of IL-38. IL-38 is a reliable/sensitive biomarker for distinguishing between CRC and non-cancer colonic tissue. There is a positive correlation between colonic IL-38 in CRC and prognosis and/or overall survival, particularly in advanced CRC, supporting IL-38 probably being a reliable and consistent independent factor in predicting the prognosis of CRC. The findings above may be useful in exploring therapeutic targeting for precision medicine.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.