ArticleEClinicalMedicine2020
Final analysis of a 14-year long-term follow-up study of the effectiveness and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in women from four nordic countries.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00092534 (A Randomized, Worldwide, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study to Investigate the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy on the Incidence of HPV 16/18-Related CIN 2/3 or Worse of the Quadrivalent HPV), which is not on this map. Cited by 101 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Worldwide, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Study to Investigate the Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy on the Incidence of HPV 16/18-Related CIN 2/3 or Worse of the Quadrivalent HPV (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Vaccine in 16- to 23-Year Old Women - The FUTURE II Study (Females United to Unilaterally Reduce Endo/Ectocervical Disease)
Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of focused ultrasound for HPV clearance and cervical LSIL treatment: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for the prevention of cervical cancer and other HPV-related diseases: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic literature review of the human papillomavirus prevalence in locally and regionally advanced and recurrent/metastatic head and neck cancers through the last decade: The "ALARM" study.Cancer medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccine in China: a systematic review of modelling studies.BMJ open · 2021Pooled it
- Clinician Perceptions of the Impact of Switching HPV Vaccine Initiation to 9-10 Years.Pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Trial
- The rural adolescent vaccine enterprise (RAVE): a cluster-randomized trial testing a multicomponent intervention to improve HPV vaccination in rural primary care settings.BMC primary care · 2025Trial
- A prospective cohort study comparing efficacy of 1 dose of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to 2 and 3 doses at an average follow up of 12 years postvaccination.Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs · 2024Trial
- Head-to-head comparison of two human papillomavirus vaccines for efficacy against cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 and adenocarcinomaFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Trial
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in adults: Learnings from long-term follow-up of quadrivalent HPV vaccine clinical trials.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- The eight-year long-term follow-up on the effectiveness of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in Chinese women 20-45 years of age.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Trial
- Human papillomavirus vaccine efficacy against invasive, HPV-positive cancers: population-based follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- Post-hoc analysis of injection-site reactions following vaccination with quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in Japanese female clinical trial participants.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Trial
- Long-term immunogenicity, effectiveness, and safety of nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in girls and boys 9 to 15 years of age: Interim analysis after 8 years of follow-up.Papillomavirus research (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Trial
- Estimating the age distribution of disease-causal HPV infection in women with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Denmark, Estonia, Norway, Slovenia, and Sweden: A modeling study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Five-Year Risk of CIN3+ After CIN1 Biopsy in a Norwegian Screening Setting: Comparison of CIN1 Diagnosed in a Single Calendar Year and in Two Consecutive Calendar Years.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The magnitude and durability of neutralizing antibody responses to human papillomavirus vaccine do not depend on DNA sensing pathways.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Sustained impact of bivalent HPV immunisation on CIN incidence over two rounds of cervical screening.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of HPV catch-up vaccination program in women aged 13-24 years in a middle income country.Journal of gynecologic oncology · 2026Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) vaccine prevented vaccine HPV type-related infection and disease in young women in the 4-year FUTURE II efficacy study (NCT00092534). We report long-term effectiveness and immunogenicity at the end of 14 years of follow-up after enrollment in FUTURE II.
methodsYoung women (16-23 years of age) from Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden who received three qHPV vaccine doses during the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled FUTURE II base study were followed for effectiveness for an additional ≥10 years through national registries. Tissue samples including but not limited to those collected during organized cervical cancer screening programs were obtained from regional biobanks to be adjudicated for histopathology diagnosis and tested for HPV DNA. The observed incidence of HPV16/18-related high-grade cervical dysplasia (primary outcome) was compared with recent historical background incidence rates in an unvaccinated population. Serum was collected at years 9 and 14 to assess antibody responses.
findingsNo cases of HPV16/18-related high-grade cervical dysplasia were observed in the per-protocol effectiveness population (
interpretationVaccination of young women with qHPV vaccine offers durable protection against HPV16/18-related high-grade cervical dysplasia for ≥12 years, with a trend toward continued protection through 14 years post-vaccination, and induces sustained HPV6/11/16/18 antibody responses for up to 14 years post-vaccination. There was no evidence of waning immunity, suggesting no need for a booster dose during that period.
fundingMerck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.