ArticleInfection and drug resistance2020
Early Immunoparalysis Was Associated with Poor Prognosis in Elderly Patients with Sepsis: Secondary Analysis of the ETASS Study.
Article in Infection and drug resistance, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04903405 (Immune Function Monitoring and Immunotherapy in Sepsis), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immune Function Monitoring and Immunotherapy in Sepsis: a Cross-sectional Survey in China
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The diagnostic and prognostic value of sTM, t-PAIC, and NLRP3 in ICU patients with sepsis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Immune Response Subphenotyping to Predict Mortality in Sepsis: A Prospective Study in Resource-Limited Setting.Critical care explorations · 2025Article
- Monocyte HLA-DR level on admission predicting in-hospital mortality rate in exertional heatstroke: A 12-year retrospective study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Clinical practice of sepsis-induced immunosuppression: Current immunotherapy and future options.Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi · 2024Review
- IL-7 producing immunotherapy improvesHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Utility of monocyte HLA-DR and rationale for therapeutic GM-CSF in sepsis immunoparalysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Expert consensus on the monitoring and treatment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression.Military Medical Research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlthough immune dysfunction has been investigated in adult septic patients, early immune status remains unclear. In this study, our primary aim was to assess early immune status in adult patients with sepsis stratified by age and its relevance to hospital mortality. PATIENTS AND
methodsA post hoc analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted; 273 patients whose immune status was evaluated within 48 hours after onset of sepsis were enrolled. Early immune status was evaluated by the percentage of monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) in total monocytes within 48 hours after onset of sepsis and it was classified as immunoparalysis (mHLA-DR ≤30%) or non-immunoparalysis (>30%). Three logistic regression models were conducted to explore the associations between early immunoparalysis and hospital mortality. We also developed two sensitivity analyses to find out whether the definition of early immune status (24 hours vs 48 hours after onset of sepsis) and immunotherapy affect the primary outcome.
resultsOf the 181 elderly (≥60yrs) and 92 non-elderly (<60yrs) septic patients, 71 (39.2%) and 25 (27.2%) died in hospital, respectively. The percentage of early immunoparalysis in the elderly was twice of that in the non-elderly patients (32% vs 16%, p=0.006). For the elderly, hospital mortality was higher in the immunoparalysis ones than the non-immunoparalysis ones (53.4% vs 32.5%, p=0.009). But there was no significant difference in hospital mortality between immunoparalysis non-elderly patients and non-immunoparalysis non-elderly ones (33.5% vs 26.0%, p=0.541). By means of logistic regression models, we found that early immunoparalysis was independently associated with increased hospital mortality in elderly, but not in non-elderly patients. Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the definition of early immune status and immunotherapy did not affect the outcomes.
conclusionThe elderly were more susceptible to early immunoparalysis after onset of sepsis. Early immunoparalysis was independently associated with poor prognosis in elderly, but not in non-elderly patients.
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