ReviewJournal of medical virology2021
The variability of the serological response to SARS-corona virus-2: Potential resolution of ambiguity through determination of avidity (functional affinity).
Review in Journal of medical virology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges to the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Narrative Review with a Systematic Approach.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Article
- A Prospective Study of Immune Response After COVID-19 or Vaccination and Correlation Between Avidity Index and Neutralizing Capacity.Advances in virology · 2025Article
- Avidity maturation of anti-spike IgG after vaccination in COVID-19 convalescent vs COVID-19 naïve patients.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Pre-pandemic cross-reactive antibody and cellular responses against SARS-CoV-2 among female sex workers in Dakar, Senegal.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal IgG mass fraction by isotope dilution mass spectrometry.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- The quantity and quality of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies show contrariwise association with COVID-19 severity: lessons learned from IgG avidity.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the close contacts in a small rural area in the Veneto Region (NE-Italy): past evidence for future scenarios.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Multiplexed evaluation of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants using surface enhanced fluorescence from a nanostructured plasmonic chip.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Differential avidity determination of IgG directed towards the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and its variants in one assay: Rational tool for the assessment of protective immunity.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Measurements of SARS-CoV-2 antibody dissociation rate constant by chaotrope-free biolayer interferometry in serum of COVID-19 convalescent patients.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Development of novel spectroscopic and machine learning methods for the measurement of periodic changes in COVID-19 antibody level.Measurement : journal of the International Measurement Confederation · 2022Article
- Enigma of the high prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in HIV-positive people with no symptoms of COVID-19 in Burkina Faso.Journal of public health in Africa · 2022Article
- Characterizing Kinetics and Avidity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Greek Patients.Viruses · 2022Article
- Avidity of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 RBD as a Prognostic Factor for the Severity of COVID-19 Reinfection.Viruses · 2022Article
- Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 for more than one year - kinetics and persistence of detection are predominantly determined by avidity progression and test design.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2022Article
- Long-term decay of anti-RBD IgG titers after BNT162b2 vaccination is not mirrored by loss of neutralizing bioactivity against SARS-CoV-2.Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2022Article
- Association between IgG responses against the nucleocapsid proteins of alphacoronaviruses and COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Vaccination versus infection with SARS-CoV-2: Establishment of a high avidity IgG response versus incomplete avidity maturation.Journal of medical virology · 2021Article
- A prospective cohort study of confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy evaluating SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in maternal and umbilical cord blood and SARS-CoV-2 in vaginal swabs.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Data on the serological response toward severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 16 recent reports were analyzed and a high degree of variability was shown. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) responses were either found earlier than IgG, or together with IgG, later than IgG, or were missing. Therefore, clear distinctions between early, intermediate, and past infections are obviously not possible merely on the basis of IgM and IgG determinations. A review of publications on the serology of other virus groups shows that variable IgM responses can be found as well and therefore are not unique for SARS-CoV-2 infections. A model to explain this variability is proposed. The inclusion of avidity determination into regular diagnostic procedures has allowed to resolve such "atypical" serological constellations. The potential use of avidity determination for the diagnosis of COVID-19, for risk assessment, epidemiological studies, analysis of cross reactions, as well as for the control of vaccination programs is suggested and discussed.
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Registered trials
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