ReviewEuropean journal of nutrition2021
Hydration for health hypothesis: a narrative review of supporting evidence.
Review in European journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Acute Hypohydration on Indicators of Glycemic Regulation, Appetite, Metabolism and Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Randomized Trial to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Daily Intake of an Allulose Amino Acid-Based Hydration Beverage in Men and Women.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Variation in urine osmolality throughout pregnancy: a longitudinal, randomized-control trial among women with overweight and obesity.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Total Water Intake and Periodontitis in Korean Adults: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Survey.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2026Article
- The role of supraoptic hypothalamic arginine vasopressin neurons in aging-associated water balance and thermoregulatory deficits in male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Water and Energy Turnover in Chinese Young Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water Study of Metabolic Coupling.Nutrients · 2026Observational
- Effect of adequate daily water intake versus inadequate water intake on the risk of major chronic diseases in healthy adults: a systematic review protocol.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Assessing Risk of Nephrolithiasis in Urology Residents: Are We Practicing What We Preach?Cureus · 2026Article
- Hydration Knowledge, Water Consumption, and Attitudes Toward Drinking Water Quality Among Adults in Romania: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Associations between dietary composition, water intake, urine pH, and cardiometabolic indicators among young Saudi women.PloS one · 2026Article
- Lifestyle and Environment Aspects Challenging Kidney Health.Kidney & blood pressure research · 2026Review
- SPORT: A Novel Biopsychosocial Framework for Chronic Low Back Pain in a Young Athlete - A Case Report.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
- Sex-Specific Associations Between Hyperuricemia and Kidney Stone Disease in a Large Taiwanese Cohort.International journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- The Role of Supraoptic Hypothalamic Arginine Vasopressin Neurons in Aging-Associated Water Balance and Thermoregulatory Deficits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Clinical Reasoning and Practices in the Osteopathic Management of Visceral Disorders: A Grounded Theory Study in the Italian Context.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The role of gut microbes in drought adaptation in the five-toed jerboa (Orientallactaga sibirica).BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Hydration Strategies in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Association between water intake and abdominal obesity: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2019-2021.Korean journal of family medicine · 2025Article
- Adolescent Nutritional Patterns and Health Behaviors in Romania: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Barriers to hydration and dietary sodium reduction for kidney stone prevention: a population-based study with 12-month clinical outcomes.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAn increasing body of evidence suggests that excreting a generous volume of diluted urine is associated with short- and long-term beneficial health effects, especially for kidney and metabolic function. However, water intake and hydration remain under-investigated and optimal hydration is poorly and inconsistently defined. This review tests the hypothesis that optimal chronic water intake positively impacts various aspects of health and proposes an evidence-based definition of optimal hydration.
methodsSearch strategy included PubMed and Google Scholar using relevant keywords for each health outcome, complemented by manual search of article reference lists and the expertise of relevant practitioners for each area studied.
resultsThe available literature suggest the effects of increased water intake on health may be direct, due to increased urine flow or urine dilution, or indirect, mediated by a reduction in osmotically -stimulated vasopressin (AVP). Urine flow affects the formation of kidney stones and recurrence of urinary tract infection, while increased circulating AVP is implicated in metabolic disease, chronic kidney disease, and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
conclusionIn order to ensure optimal hydration, it is proposed that optimal total water intake should approach 2.5 to 3.5 L day
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.