ArticleJournal of molecular neuroscience : MN2021
The Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Accelerated Fracture Healing: A Study on the Effects of Growth Factors and Cytokines.
Article in Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fracture healing: from molecular and cellular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- GFRα2 identified in TBI-induced bone healing is a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis via osteogenesis and angiogenesis.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Article
- Brain-bone Crosstalk after Neurotrauma: Dual Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on Skeletal Remodeling.Current osteoporosis reports · 2026Review
- Relationship between serum β-catenin mRNA expression and femoral fracture healing after head trauma: an experimental rat study.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Traumatic Lower Extremity Amputation: Medical and Social Comorbidities.Cureus · 2025Article
- Physiologic impact of inflammation in the polytrauma patient.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Persistent Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Infected Nonunion: A Narrative Review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Bidirectional Interaction Between the Brain and Bone in Traumatic Brain Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Effects of traumatic brain injury on vascular response and fracture healing: an experimental study in a rat model.Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2025Article
- A China-Based exploration of surgical timing for polytrauma with a focus on fracture reconstruction.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2025Article
- Accelerated fracture healing accompanied with traumatic brain injury: A review of clinical studies, animal models and potential mechanisms.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2025Review
- Enhanced osteogenic differentiation in 3D hydrogel scaffold via macrophage mitochondrial transfer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Brain-Bone Crosstalk in a Murine Polytrauma Model Promotes Bone Remodeling but Impairs Neuromotor Recovery and Anxiety-Related Behavior.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Preclinical models of orthopaedic trauma: Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) and Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) symposium 2022.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2024Article
- [Research progress on mechanism of traumatic brain injury promoting fracture healing].Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery · 2024Article
- Methods to accelerate fracture healing - a narrative review from a clinical perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Interoceptive regulation of skeletal tissue homeostasis and repair.Bone research · 2023Review
- Review
- Traumatic brain injury stimulates sympathetic tone-mediated bone marrow myelopoiesis to favor fracture healing.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence suggests that some systemic and local factors, including cytokines and growth factors in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), can play an essential role in accelerating fracture healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum levels of some inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in patients with fracture and TBI as well as healthy subjects. In this study, a total number of 30 patients with a femoral fracture, 30 cases with TBI, 30 patients with TBI and a femoral fracture (fracture + TBI group), and 30 healthy subjects were recruited. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were also determined upon their admission. Then, the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, 12 h and 4 weeks after injury and hospital admission. The study results demonstrated that the serum levels of BMP-2, FGF-2, IL-1β, and PDGF in the femoral fracture + TBI group increased significantly over 12 h and after 4 weeks compared with other groups, but the serum levels of IGF-I, IL-6, and TGF-β in this group increased in a significant manner at 12 h compared with other studied groups. The findings also showed that the time to union of a femoral fracture was shorter in the fracture + TBI group than in cases with a femoral fracture alone (p = 0.03). Accordingly, it seems that elevated serum levels of BMP-2, PDGF, FGF-2, and IL-1β may be associated with healing acceleration in fracture + TBI patients. However, further studies are needed to confirm this claim.
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