[Therapeutic management of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation].

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent persistent cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with an increased mortality. Therefore, an effective differential treatment of patients is mandatory. After a risk stratification oral anticoagulation (OAC) should be initiated depending on the individual stroke risk of each patient. Alternatively, in the presence of contraindications for OAC and an increased risk for bleeding and/or stroke, the implantation of a left atrial appendage closure device can be considered. Symptomatic patients should undergo a rhythm control strategy if possible. Based on the risk-benefit considerations, catheter ablation (CA) of AF plays an increasingly important role in establishing long-term medicinal rhythm control. A pulmonary vein isolation can lead to freedom from AF for 1 year in 70-80% of patients with paroxysmal AF (and approximately 50% in persistent AF). So far, a survival advantage of CA could only be shown in patients with heart failure, so that in most cases this is only a symptomatic treatment for improvement in the quality of life.