ArticleEClinicalMedicine2020
The impact of ethnicity on clinical outcomes in COVID-19: A systematic review.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 315 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
315 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 562 citations in OpenAlex.
- Belongingness and loneliness in higher education: a meta-analysis of pre- and post-pandemic trends.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Ethnic minority representation in UK COVID-19 trials: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- What is the health impact of COVID-19 among Black communities in Canada? A systematic review.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines by race and ethnicity.Public health · 2022Pooled it
- Fatigue Symptoms Associated With COVID-19 in Convalescent or Recovered COVID-19 Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Ethnicity and Severe COVID-19 Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Pooled it
- Racial disparities in COVID-19 pandemic cases, hospitalisations, and deaths: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of geographic differences in comorbidities and associated severity and mortality among individuals with COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- A culturally-safe primary care intervention for migrant/refugee women suffering domestic violence and abuse: HARMONY-a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- Clinically stable covid-19 patients presenting to acute unscheduled episodic care venues have increased risk of hospitalization: secondary analysis of a randomized control trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Co-Designing a Digital Platform to Support a Culturally Adapted Family Intervention (CaFI:Digital) for Psychosis Among People of Sub-Saharan African and Caribbean Descent: Agile Co-Design Approach.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Association of Everyday Discrimination With Drug Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the All of Us Research Program.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Immunoregulatory effect of metformin in monocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2026Article
- The influence of HARP (The Health Access for Refugees' Project) on vaccine hesitancy in people seeking asylum and refugees in Northern England.Global health action · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on computational biology early career researchers: A global retrospective study.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Immunoregulatory effect of metformin in monocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Platform trials-an emerging methodology for perioperative medicine: a narrative review.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluation of methylation changes in blood cells of COVID-19 patients as a biomarker of severity of the infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
255 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between ethnicity and COVID-19 is uncertain. We performed a systematic review to assess whether ethnicity has been reported in patients with COVID-19 and its relation to clinical outcomes.
methodsWe searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and PROSPERO for English-language citations on ethnicity and COVID-19 (1
findingsOf 207 articles in the database search, five reported ethnicity; two reported no association between ethnicity and mortality. Of 690 articles identified from medical journals, 12 reported ethnicity; three reported no association between ethnicity and mortality. Of 209 preprints, 34 reported ethnicity - 13 found Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals had an increased risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 12 reported worse clinical outcomes, including ITU admission and mortality, in BAME patients compared to White patients. Of 12 grey literature reports, seven with original data reported poorer clinical outcomes in BAME groups compared to White groups.
interpretationData on ethnicity in patients with COVID-19 in the published medical literature remains limited. However, emerging data from the grey literature and preprint articles suggest BAME individuals are at an increased risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to White individuals and also worse clinical outcomes from COVID-19. Further work on the role of ethnicity in the current pandemic is of urgent public health importance.
fundingNIHR.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.