ArticleNature biomedical engineering2020
Methotrexate-loaded tumour-cell-derived microvesicles can relieve biliary obstruction in patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07559097 (A Phase I/II, Single-arm, Single-center Clinical Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II, Single-arm, Single-center Clinical Study: Exploration of the Application of Methotrexate-loaded Drug Vesicles in Intrathecal Injection for Meningeal Metastasis of Lung Cancer
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials assessing safety and efficacy of human extracellular vesicle-based therapy.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Pooled it
- Extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanotherapeutics: An emerging paradigm for regenerative medicine.Theranostics · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analysis identifies a pyroptosis related prognostic model for predicting prognosis and therapeutic response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Engineered Peptide Scrambling for Enhanced Drug Delivery to Resistant Breast Cancer Cells via Small Extracellular Vesicles.ACS applied bio materials · 2025Article
- Vinburnine Sensitizes Radiotherapy Efficacy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma by Triggering Pyroptosis and Immune Responses via Activation of EDAR-NFκB Pathway.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Morphology- and adhesion-dual biomimetic nanovaccine boosts antigen cross-presentation through subcellular transport regulation.Science advances · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Bispecific Antibodies, Nanobodies and Extracellular Vesicles: Present and Future to Cancer Target Therapy.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The AKR1C1-CYP1B1-cAMP signaling axis controls tumorigenicity and ferroptosis susceptibility of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Article
- Nanosize Non-Viral Gene Therapy Reverses Senescence Reprograming Driven by PBRM1 Deficiency to Suppress iCCA Progression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A study on the production of extracellular vesicles derived from novel immortalized human placental mesenchymal stromal cells.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles: A Review of Their Therapeutic Potentials, Sources, Biodistribution, and Administration Routes.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- The Radiosensitizing Effect of Tumor-Derived Microparticles Co-Loaded with Sorafenib and Gold Nanoparticles on Hepatocellular Carcinoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- The success of the tumor immunotherapy: neutrophils from bench to beside.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Non-discriminating engineered masking of immuno-evasive ligands on tumour-derived extracellular vesicles enhances tumour vaccination outcomes.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Tumor cell membrane-based vaccines: A potential boost for cancer immunotherapy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Crosstalk of pyroptosis and cytokine in the tumor microenvironment: from mechanisms to clinical implication.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Lethal pulmonary thromboembolism in mice induced by intravenous human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived large extracellular vesicles in a dose- and tissue factor-dependent manner.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Most patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) develop extrahepatic malignant biliary obstructions, which require palliative drainage to normalize bilirubin levels and to improve the patients' overall survival. Here, we report that the infusion of methotrexate-containing plasma-membrane microvesicles derived from apoptotic human tumour cells into the bile-duct lumen of patients with extrahepatic CCA mobilized and activated neutrophils and relieved biliary obstruction in 25% of the patients. Neutrophil recruitment by the microvesicles was associated with an increase in uridine diphosphate glucose and complement C5, and led to the degradation of the stromal barrier of CCA. The microvesicles induced pyroptosis of CCA cells through a gasdermin E-dependent pathway, and their intracellular contents released upon CCA-cell death activated patient-derived macrophages into producing proinflammatory cytokines, which attracted a secondary wave of neutrophils to the tumour site. Our findings suggest a possible treatment for the alleviation of obstructive extrahepatic CCA with few adverse effects, and highlight the potential of tumour-cell-derived microvesicles as drug carriers for antitumour therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.