ArticlePediatrics2020
Primary Care Autism Screening and Later Autism Diagnosis.
Article in Pediatrics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Help-Seeking Barriers for Racial-Ethnic Minority Caregivers Accessing Autism Diagnostic and Intervention Services.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- Bridging diagnostic safety and mental health: a systematic review highlighting inequities in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis.BMJ quality & safety · 2026Pooled it
- Sensitivity and Specificity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Original and Revised): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA pediatrics · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of Using Standardized Autism Screening on Referral to Specialist Evaluation for Young Children on the Autism Spectrum: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Reducing Barriers to Autism Screening in Community Primary Care: A Pragmatic Trial Using Web-Based Screening.Academic pediatrics · 2022Trial
- Early and Repeated Screening Detects Autism Spectrum Disorder.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- Family navigation to increase evaluation for autism spectrum disorder in toddlers: Screening and Linkage to Services for Autism pragmatic randomized trial.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2021Trial
- Failure points in the early autism identification pathway for children aged 0-5 years: Why screening is not diagnosis.Pediatric investigation · 2026Review
- Universal Autism Screening in Early Learning Programs: A Feasibility Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychological Impact of Autism Screening on Caregivers.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Article
- A Telehealth Diagnostic Tool for Autistic Children With Phrased and Fluent Speech: Comparison to In-person Diagnosis.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Use of M-CHAT for autism screening in well-baby clinics of a primary health care center in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Feasibility of Large-Scale Development-Focused EEG Research in a Hospital-Based Primary Care Setting.Academic pediatrics · 2026Article
- Mitigating Sex-Related Biases to Elucidate the Autism Phenotype.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Confidence of Pediatric Primary Care Clinicians in Autism Screener Score and Their Own Diagnostic Impressions.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Navigating the Challenges: A Commentary on Barriers to Autism Screening in Childcare Centers.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Early screening of childhood ASD at primary care hospitals in western China: a multi-center study in Chengdu, Sichuan Province.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Autism screening and diagnosis in children with congenital heart disease.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Examining Sociodemographic Factors Related to Autism Screening Rates of Children in Early Intervention.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
- The Influence of Policy on Early Diagnosis and Other Autism Services: A Narrative Review.Review journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo describe the proportion of children screened by the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), identify characteristics associated with screen completion, and examine associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) screening and later ASD diagnosis.
methodsWe examined data from children attending 18- and 24-month visits between 2013 and 2016 from 20 clinics within a health care system for evidence of screening with the M-CHAT and subsequent coding of ASD diagnosis at age >4.75 years. We interviewed providers for information about usual methods of M-CHAT scoring and ASD referral.
resultsOf 36 233 toddlers, 73% were screened and 1.4% were later diagnosed with ASD. Hispanic children were less likely to be screened (adjusted prevalence ratio [APR]: 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-0.98), and family physicians were less likely to screen (APR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.09-0.15). Compared with unscreened children, screen-positive children were more likely to be diagnosed with ASD (APR: 10.3, 95% CI: 7.6-14.1) and were diagnosed younger (38.5 vs 48.5 months,
conclusionsA majority of children were screened for ASD, but disparities exist among those screened. Benefits for screen-positive children are improved detection and younger age of diagnosis. Performance of the M-CHAT can be improved in real-world health care settings by administering screens with fidelity and facilitating timely ASD evaluations for screen-positive children. Providers should continue to monitor for signs of ASD in screen-negative children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.