Observational studyMedicine2020
Metabolic syndrome and 10-year cardiovascular risk among HIV-positive and HIV-negative adults: A cross-sectional study.
Observational study in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of metabolic syndrome in people living with human immunodeficiency virus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Burden of metabolic syndrome in the global adult HIV-infected population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Higher cardiovascular disease risks in people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in African populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Non-communicable disease (NCD) risk among people living with HIV in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: evidence from a randomised trial of community-based differentiated service delivery.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Trial
- Prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome among ART Naïve people living with HIV in Accra, Ghana: a multicenter cross-sectional study.AIDS research and therapy · 2025Article
- A descriptive study of blood pressure in people with self-reported substance use seeking health care in region F, Johannesburg, South Africa.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Weight Gain After HIV Therapy Initiation: Pathophysiology and Implications.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024 · on this mapReview
- Article
- The burden of non-communicable diseases among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Metabolic syndrome among people living with HIV in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Review
- Cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a comparative cohort study.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Article
- Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and associated factors among inpatients with severe mental illness in Botswana: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Metabolic syndrome among treatment-naïve people living with and without HIV in Zambia and Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among adults with and without HIV in Western Kenya.PloS one · 2022Article
- HIV, Pulmonary Infections, and Risk of Chronic Lung Disease among Kenyan Adults.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2021Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated With Higher Levels of Systemic Inflammation Among Kenyan Adults Despite Viral Suppression.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Symptomatic gallstones and HIV in black South African women: Changing trends of gallstone disease?Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Endothelial Dysfunction Is Related to Monocyte Activation in Antiretroviral-Treated People With HIV and HIV-Negative Adults in Kenya.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To determine the prevalence and correlates of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and compare 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among Kenyan adults with and without HIV infection.We conducted a cross-sectional study among adults ≥30 years of age with and without HIV infection seeking care at Kisumu County Hospital. Participants completed a health questionnaire and vital signs, anthropomorphic measurements, and fasting blood were obtained. MetS was defined using 2009 Consensus Criteria and 10-year Atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score was calculated. Chi-square, independent t tests, Wilcoxon ranksum test and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine differences and associations between HIV and MetS, CVD risk factors and ASCVD risk score.A total of 300 people living with HIV (PLWHIV) and 298 HIV-negative participants with median age 44 years enrolled, 50% of whom were female. The prevalence of MetS was 8.9% overall, but lower among PLWHIV than HIV-negative participants (6.3% vs 11.6%, respectively; P = .001). The most prevalent MetS components were elevated blood pressure, decreased high density lipoprotein, and abdominal obesity. Adjusting for covariates, PLWHIV were 66% less likely to have MetS compared to HIV-negative participants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.34; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.18, 0.65; P = .005). Median ASCVD risk score was also lower among PLWHIV compared to HIV-negative participants (1.7% vs 3.0%, P = .002).MetS was more common among HIV-negative than HIV-positive adults, and HIV-negative adults were at greater risk for CVD compared to PLWHIV. These data support integration of routine CVD screening and management into health programs in resource-limited settings, regardless of HIV status.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.