SynthesisAging2020
Reproductive and hormonal factors and bladder cancer risk: a prospective study and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Aging, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bladder cancer risk factors: a comprehensive umbrella review of meta-analyses.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Association Between Menopausal Hormone Therapy and the Risk of Urologic Cancer: A National Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Testosterone and Androgen Receptor in Cancers with Significant Sex Dimorphism in Incidence Rates and Survival.Cancers · 2025Review
- Sex differences in bladder cancer: understanding biological and clinical implications.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Impact of modifiable reproductive factors on cancer incidence and mortality in Korea: a systematic review protocol.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Article
- The Role of Androgens and Androgen Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer.Biomolecules · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bladder cancer is three to four times more common among men than women. The objectives of this study were to explore the association between reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of bladder cancer among women using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) cohort, and to perform a meta-analysis based on cohort studies. After a median of 11.6 years of follow-up, 237 incident bladder cancer cases were identified in PLCO cohort. Compared with menopause at 50-54 years, earlier menopause (< 45 years) was positively but not significantly associated with bladder cancer risk (HR 1.25, 95% CI 0.91-1.71; p = 0.176). In the meta-analysis, parous women had significantly lower bladder cancer risk than nulliparous women (pooled HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73-0.86). In addition, menopause at an earlier age was significantly associated with a higher risk of bladder cancer (pooled HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40). In conclusion, this study indicated a greater risk in bladder cancer among nulliparous women and among women with early menopause. Further studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.