ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2021
Evaluation of a Novel Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitor Based on Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Laser Technology and Photothermal Detection.
Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-Invasive Technologies in Wearable Glucose Monitoring: A Structured Overview for the Future.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Photoacoustic Noninvasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: A Review of Systems and Strategies for Robust Glucose Concentration Estimation, with Perspectives on Miniaturization and Wearability.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The open-source multi-wavelength non-invasive blood glucose sensing system.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Band-Pass Raman Spectroscopy Unlocks Compact Point-of-Care Noninvasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring.Analytical chemistry · 2025Article
- Clinical validation of noninvasive blood glucose measurements by midinfrared spectroscopy.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Noninvasive Analysis of Biological Components Using Simplified Mid-Infrared Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Calibration and performance of a Raman-based device for non-invasive glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Eco-Friendly Conductive Hydrogels: Towards Green Wearable Electronics.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Perils of Molecular Interpretations from Vibrational Spectra of Complex Samples.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2024Review
- NIR-Based Electronic Platform for Glucose Monitoring for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes Mellitus.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Blood glucose monitoring devices for type 1 diabetes: a journey from the food and drug administration approval to market availability.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Non-Invasive Glucose Sensing Technologies and Products: A Comprehensive Review for Researchers and Clinicians.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Accurate Post-Calibration Predictions for Noninvasive Glucose Measurements in People Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy.ACS sensors · 2023Article
- 3D Nanocomposite with High Aspect Ratio Based on Polyaniline Decorated with Silver NPs: Synthesis and Application as Electrochemical Glucose Sensor.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Patent analysis of digital sensors for continuous glucose monitoring.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Is Raman the best strategy towards the development of non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring devices for diabetes management?Frontiers in chemistry · 2022Review
- Products for Monitoring Glucose Levels in the Human Body With Noninvasive Optical, Noninvasive Fluid Sampling, or Minimally Invasive Technologies.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022Review
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA prototype of a noninvasive glucometer combining skin excitation by a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser with photothermal detection was evaluated in glucose correlation tests including 100 volunteers (41 people with diabetes and 59 healthy people).
methodsInvasive reference measurements using a clinical glucometer and noninvasive measurements at a finger of the volunteer were simultaneously recorded in five-minute intervals starting from fasting glucose values for healthy subjects (low glucose values for diabetes patients) over a two-hour period. A glucose range from >50 to <350 mg/dL was covered. Machine learning algorithms were used to predict glucose values from the photothermal spectra. Data were analyzed for the average percent disagreement of the noninvasive measurements with the clinical reference measurement and visualized in consensus error grids.
results98.8% (full data set) and 99.1% (improved algorithm) of glucose results were within Zones A and B of the grid, indicating the highest accuracy level. Less than 1% of the data were in Zone C, and none in Zone D or E. The mean and median percent differences between the invasive as a reference and the noninvasive method were 12.1% and 6.5%, respectively, for the full data set, and 11.3% and 6.4% with the improved algorithm.
conclusionsOur results demonstrate that noninvasive blood glucose analysis combining mid-infrared spectroscopy and photothermal detection is feasible and comparable in accuracy with minimally invasive glucometers and finger pricking devices which use test strips. As a next step, a handheld version of the present device for diabetes patients is being developed.
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