Trial reportJournal of neuro-oncology2020
Immune checkpoint inhibition for pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory CNS tumors: a single institution experience.
Trial report in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- The current status of immune checkpoint inhibitors in pediatric CNS tumors: a systematic review with a representative case of CMMRD-associated glioma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Avelumab in paediatric patients with refractory or relapsed solid tumours: dose-escalation results from an open-label, single-arm, phase 1/2 trial.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Trial
- Cellular and Immunotherapy for Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Primer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in pediatric central nervous system tumors: biology, clinical experience, and translational pathways to precision immunotherapy.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Systemic Molecularly Targeted Therapies for Neoadjuvant and Salvage Craniopharyngioma: A Contemporary Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Therapeutic approaches for targeting the pediatric brain tumor microenvironment.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Targeting the CD40 costimulatory receptor to improve virotherapy efficacy in diffuse midline gliomas.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the tumor microenvironment in diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: immunological insights and therapeutic challenges.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Individualized therapeutic approaches for relapsed and refractory pediatric ependymomas: a single institution experience.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune-competent human brain organoid model of diffuse midline glioma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- An updated review on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The clinical significance of T cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in central nervous system germ cell tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Intracranial germ cell tumors: advancement in genomic diagnostics and the need for novel therapeutics.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Tislelizumab for treatment of a pediatric patient with primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma: a case report.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Review
- Transcriptomic and Proteomic Spatial Profiling of Pediatric and Adult Diffuse Midline Glioma H3 K27-Altered, Reveals Region Specific Differences and Limited Overlap between mRNA and Protein.Research square · 2024Article
- Off-label prescribing of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy at a single pediatric cancer center.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Advanced Pediatric Malignancies in Nationwide Study: Good Outcome in Skin Melanoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma.Cancers · 2024Article
- Clinical immunotherapy in glioma: current concepts, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibition through PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade has shown efficacy in some adult malignancies and generated interest in pediatrics, including central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We describe our experience with immune checkpoint inhibition in recurrent/refractory pediatric CNS tumors.
methodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory CNS tumors treated with ipilimumab, nivolumab and/or pembrolizumab at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Hospital between 2018 and 2019.
resultsEleven patients were identified. Diagnoses included diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) (n = 2), high-grade glioma (HGG) (n = 5), ependymoma (n = 1), craniopharyngioma (n = 1), high-grade neuroepithelial tumor (n = 1) and non-germinomatous germ cell tumor (NGGCT) (n = 1). Eight patients had recurrent disease, while three had refractory disease. Nine patients received combination therapy (ipilimumab/nivolumab); two patients received either nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Median time from diagnosis-to-treatment was 8 months (range 0.8-156). All patients received prior radiation therapy (RT), with median time from RT-to-immunotherapy was 3.8 years. One patient received concurrent then adjuvant immunotherapy with RT. Median duration of treatment was 6.1 months (range 1-25). Therapy was discontinued in nine patients: seven due to disease progression and two due to toxicity (colitis; transaminitis). Other pertinent toxicities included Type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism and skin toxicity. Based on iRANO criteria, best responses included partial response (n = 3), stable disease (n = 7) and progressive disease (n = 1). Durable response was noted in two patients.
conclusionImmune checkpoint inhibition was relatively well tolerated in a cohort of pediatric patients spanning several CNS tumor diagnoses. Results from prospective clinical trials will be critical to inform clinical decisions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.