ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2019
Dietary reference values for chloride.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Eight weeks of MitoQ supplementation does not alter kidney function or urinary kidney injury biomarkers in middle-aged and older adults.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2026Trial
- Association of serum chloride concentration with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis: the Fukuoka peritoneal dialysis registry (F-PDR).Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2026Article
- The impact of salt consumption on preeclampsia and proteinuria in pregnancy: A 24-hour urine sodium study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Safety of mineral salt containing potassium and magnesium as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Chloride ions in health and disease.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Croatian Action on Salt and Health (CRASH): On the Road to Success-Less Salt, More Health.Nutrients · 2024Review
- The influence of salt reduction with encapsulated oleoresins on the quality of mayonnaise, mustard, and ketchup.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution of elements during osteoarthritis disease progression using synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Chloride Ion-Selective Electrode with Solid-Contact Based on Polyaniline Nanofibers and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposite.Membranes · 2022Article
- Crosstalk between Selenium and Sulfur Is Associated with Changes in Primary Metabolism in Lettuce Plants Grown under Se and S Enrichment.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Development of Smoked Mackerel with Reduced Sodium Content.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- COVID-19 demand-induced scarcity effects on nutrition and environment: investigating mitigation strategies for eggs and wheat flour in the United Kingdom.Sustainable production and consumption · 2021Article
- Statement on the derivation of Health-Based Guidance Values (HBGVs) for regulated products that are also nutrients.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- Is the Sustainable Choice a Healthy Choice?-Water Footprint Consequence of Changing Dietary Patterns.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Dietary reference values for chloride.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019Article
- Dietary reference values for sodium.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2019Article
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22 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) has derived dietary reference values (DRVs) for chloride. There are no appropriate biomarkers of chloride status, no balance studies and no adequate evidence on the relationship between chloride intake and health outcomes that can be used to set DRVs for chloride. There is a close relationship between sodium and chloride balances in the body. Sodium chloride is the main source of both electrolytes in European diets and similar urinary excretion levels of sodium and chloride (on a molar basis) are typically observed in Western populations. Hence, the Panel considered that reference values for chloride can be set at values equimolar to the reference values for sodium for all population groups, and are as follows: 1.7 g/day for children aged 1-3 years, 2.0 g/day for children aged 4-6 years, 2.6 g/day for children aged 7-10 years, 3.1 g/day for children aged 11-17 years and 3.1 g/day for adults including pregnant and lactating women. Consistent with the reference values for sodium, these levels of chloride intake are considered to be safe and adequate for the general EU population, under the consideration that the main dietary source of chloride intake is sodium chloride. For infants aged 7-11 months, an adequate intake of 0.3 g/day is set.
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