ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2018
Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 160 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
160 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 504 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between 6:2 chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid exposure and glucolipid metabolism in Chinese adults: a meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Environmental Exposure to Per- and Polyfluorylalkyl Substances (PFASs) and Reproductive Outcomes in the General Population: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Pooled it
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and thyroid cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Toxicology letters · 2024Pooled it
- Human Evidence of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure on Hepatic Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Paternal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Couples' Pregnancy Outcomes: A Qualitative Review of the Literature.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Unsupervised dietary-behavioral profiling identifies PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) and metal exposure patterns in Korean adults.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Analysis of in vitro profiling data of cosmetic ingredients within the Tox21 10K compound library for bioactivity and potential toxicity.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Lactation Interrupted: PFAS Impact on Capacity to Breastfeed Ignored.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure and Ischemic Heart Disease: Emerging Evidence from the Literature.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PFAS Toxicity: What's True, What's Not, and What Really Matters.Environmental science & technology · 2026Review
- QuEChERS-Based LC-MS/MS and HRMS Methods for PFAS Determination in Food: A Systematic Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Alters the Structure of the Gut Microbial Community and Colonoid Transcription.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Perfluoroalkyl compound levels in breast milk of mothers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Levels in Commercial and Home-Produced Eggs in Croatia.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects and mechanisms of microplastic types on plant uptake of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Article
- An overview of the impact of PFAS on animals, humans, and the environment using a One Health approach.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2026Review
- Estimating safe doses of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS): an international collaboration.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Linking Vegetable Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Accumulation with Root Chemical Traits.ACS environmental Au · 2026Article
- Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in follicular fluid and human granulosa cell dysfunction: a physiologically based toxicokinetic model translation of long-term low-levelHuman reproduction open · 2026Article
100 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
32 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were 'Fish and other seafood', 'Meat and meat products' and 'Eggs and egg products', for PFOS, and 'Milk and dairy products', 'Drinking water' and 'Fish and other seafood' for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half-lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2-4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health-based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.