ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2017
Re-evaluation of xanthan gum (E 415) as a food additive.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Intake of Food Hydrocolloids of Bacterial Origin on the Glycemic Response in Humans: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Dietary Microbial Polysaccharides in Food Systems: Production, Functional Properties, and Applications.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Genomic and proteomic characterization of a newly isolatedMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Microbial exopolysaccharides as bioactive modulators of intestinal health: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Gum Arabic modulates the microbiota-gut-brain axis and affects general fitness in zebrafish.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ultra-Processed Foods, Gut Microbiota, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Critical Review of Emerging Evidence.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Development of Supplements of Calcium Microencapsulated with Brewer's Spent Yeast Mannoproteins-Study of Gastrointestinal and Colonic Bioaccessibility.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The prevalence and co-occurrence of emulsifiers, thickeners and stabilizers in food products on the Norwegian market.Food & nutrition research · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Xanthan Gum-Based Oral Drug Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Effect of Thickened Water on Ciprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics: A Comparative Study in Adult Males.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Eco-friendly and biocompatible gelatin plasmonic filters for UV-vis-NIR light.Communications chemistry · 2024Article
- Food additive emulsifiers and cancer risk: Results from the French prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort.PLoS medicine · 2024Article
- Investigation of the influence of xanthan on mozzarella cheese characteristics focusing on its antimicrobial effect.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2023Article
- Determination by ICP-MS of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Gums and Carrageenans Used as Food Additives Commercially Available in the Portuguese Market.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Food Emulsifiers and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of the Gut Microbiota.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Mechanistic insights into consumption of the food additive xanthan gum by the human gut microbiota.Nature microbiology · 2022Article
- Scaffolds for Cultured Meat on the Basis of Polysaccharide Hydrogels Enriched with Plant-Based Proteins.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- 3D Bioprinting of Gelatin-Xanthan Gum Composite Hydrogels for Growth of Human Skin Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Application of Pulse Flours in the Development of Plant-Based Cheese Analogues: Proximate Composition, Color, and Texture Properties.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Pulse-Cereal Blend Extrusion for Improving the Antioxidant Properties of a Gluten-Free Flour.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of xanthan gum (E 415) as food additive. Following the conceptual framework for the risk assessment of certain food additives re-evaluated under Commission Regulation (EU) No 257/2010, the Panel considered that adequate exposure and toxicity data were available. Based on the reported use levels, a refined exposure of up to 64 mg/kg bw per day in children for the general population, 38 mg/kg bw per day for children consumers only of food supplements at the high level exposure and 115 mg/kg bw per day for infants consuming foods for special medical purposes and special formulae (FSMPs), were estimated. Xanthan gum (E 415) is unlikely to be absorbed intact and is expected to be fermented by intestinal microbiota. No adverse effects were reported at the highest doses tested in chronic and carcinogenicity studies and there is no concern with respect to the genotoxicity. Repeated oral intake by adults of xanthan gum up to 214 mg/kg bw per day for ten days was well tolerated, but some individuals experienced abdominal discomfort, an undesirable but not adverse effect. The Panel concluded that there is no need for a numerical ADI for xanthan gum (E 415), and that there is no safety concern for the general population at the refined exposure assessment of xanthan gum (E 415) as food additive. Considering the outcome of clinical studies and post-marketing surveillance, the Panel concluded that there is no safety concern from the use of xanthan gum (E 415) in FSMPs for infants and young children at concentrations reported by the food industry. The current re-evaluation of xanthan gum (E 415) as a food additive is not considered to be applicable for infants under the age of 12 weeks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.