ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2017
Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Mycotoxin contamination in food and feed: Occurrence, co-occurrence, combined impacts on human and animal health, climate change implications, risk assessment, and mitigation strategies.Mycotoxin research · 2026Review
- Modified Mycotoxins in Food: Current Evidence, Key Uncertainties, and Priorities for Risk Assessment.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Individual and Combined Cytotoxic Effects of Zearalenone and Zearalenone-14-Glucoside in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Toxicokinetics, Biotransformation, Excretion, and Tissue Residue of Zearalenone-14-Glucoside in Male Sheep.Toxins · 2026Article
- Emerging Chemical Hazards in Animal-Derived Foods: From Public Health to Detection and Control Solutions.China CDC weekly · 2026Article
- Article
- A comparative study of urinary mycotoxin biomarkers co-occurrence patterns and cumulative risk assessment in population from three typical areas in China.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Targeting Mycotoxin Toxicity: From Molecular Mechanisms to Nutritional Interventions.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- A Preliminary Study on the Effects of Low Doses of Purified Zearalenone in Weaned Female Piglets: A Multi-Organ Toxicity Investigation.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Health risk assessment of combined exposure to heavy metals diazinon and mycotoxins in Iranian rice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The economic crisis in Lebanon and adolescent nutritional health: a multi-mycotoxin exposure and risk assessment of stunting and thinness.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The impact of environmental variations (temperature and humidity) onFrontiers in fungal biology · 2026Article
- Overview of recent advances in zearalenone (ZEN) research.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Health Problems with Mycotoxins in Cattle-A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Short-Term Dietary Exposure to Ochratoxin A, Zearalenone or Fumonisins in Broiler Chickens: Effects on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, Drug Transporters and Antioxidant Defence Systems.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- From Morphology to Multi-Omics: A New Age of Fusarium Research.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL), β-zearalanol (β-ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left-censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.
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Registered trials
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