ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2017
Re-evaluation of sodium nitrate (E 251) and potassium nitrate (E 252) as food additives.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Current Innovations in Meat Fermentation with a View to Producing More Sustainable, Healthier and Safer Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intake and associations with gastric cancer in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors for the Detection of Milk Adulterants.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Dietary exposure to N-nitrosamines and their precursors: an age-stratified assessment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Food additive mixtures in French children and adults: the nationally representative Esteban study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prospective association between dietary source-determined nitrate/nitrite and the risk of metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents: Tehran lipid and glucose study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Hormetic association between sodium nitrate and liver enzymes: a study in female and male rats.Toxicology research · 2025Article
- Excessive exposure to nitrate and nitrite boosts progression of isolated impaired fasting glucose to type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Definitions of ultra-processed foods beyond NOVA: a systematic review and evaluation.Food & nutrition research · 2025Review
- The Health Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Sarcopenia Development: Prospective Evidence from the UK Biobank.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of metallic nanoparticles on gut microbiota modulation in colorectal cancer: A review.Cancer innovation · 2024Review
- Article
- Nitrate, Nitrite, and Iodine Concentrations in Commercial Edible Algae: An Observational Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Innovative Applications ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Editorial: Dietary nitrate: friend or foe.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Dietary Beetroot Juice - Effects in Patients with COPD: A Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Review
- Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intakes and associations with sociodemographic factors in the Danish Diet Cancer and Health cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
32 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provided a scientific opinion re-evaluating the safety of sodium nitrate (E 251) and potassium nitrate (E 252) when used as food additives. The current acceptable daily intakes (ADIs) for nitrate of 3.7 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day were established by the SCF (1997) and JECFA (2002). The available data did not indicate genotoxic potential for sodium and potassium nitrate. The carcinogenicity studies in mice and rats were negative. The Panel considered the derivation of an ADI for nitrate based on the formation of methaemoglobin, following the conversion of nitrate, excreted in the saliva, to nitrite. However, there were large variations in the data on the nitrate-to-nitrite conversion in the saliva in humans. Therefore, the Panel considered that it was not possible to derive a single value of the ADI from the available data. The Panel noticed that even using the highest nitrate-to-nitrite conversion factor the methaemoglobin levels produced due to nitrite obtained from this conversion would not be clinically significant and would result to a theoretically estimated endogenous
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