ReviewTranslational oncology2020
Programmed cell death-ligand 2: A neglected but important target in the immune response to cancer?
Review in Translational oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptome-Wide Association Study for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Reveals Novel Candidate Susceptibility Genes in Specific Colon Subsites and Tissue Categories.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2022Pooled it
- Chemoradiotherapy facilitates siglec-10Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Analysis of the Functional Impact of Glycosylation on Immune Checkpoint Proteins.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy and postoperative bone defect repair strategies based on osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment characteristics: balancing antitumor effects and promotion of bone regeneration.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Review
- Loss of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 confers inflammation via dysregulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Healthy BRCA1/2 mutation carriers exhibit a pre-CAF signature and altered epithelial marker expression in breast tissue.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the Complexity of Cutaneous Squamous CellCarcinoma Microenvironment: Focus on Immune Cell Roles by Novel 3D In Vitro Models.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Macrophage-derived lncRNAs in cancer: regulators of tumor progression and therapeutic targets.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Hematologic Malignancies: Innovations and Potential.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- An Imaging-Based Assay to Measure the Location of PD-1 at the Immune Synapse for Testing the Binding Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies.Bio-protocol · 2024Article
- PD-L2 mediates tobacco smoking-induced recruitment of regulatory T cells via the RGMB/NFκB/CCL20 cascade.Cell biology and toxicology · 2024Article
- The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Review
- The efficacy of chemotherapy is limited by intratumoral senescent cells expressing PD-L2.Nature cancer · 2024Article
- Current Technologies and Future Perspectives in Immunotherapy towards a Clinical Oncology Approach.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Immune cells and checkpoints in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Association with clinical and pathological characteristics.PloS one · 2024Article
- PD-L2 act as an independent immune checkpoint in colorectal cancer beyond PD-L1.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Noninvasive Monitoring of Programmed Death-Ligand 2 Expression with Positron Emission Tomography usingResearch (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint ligands expressed on mature high endothelial venules predict poor prognosis of NSCLC: have a relationship with CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Programmed cell death-ligand 2 (PD-L2) is one of the two ligands of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptor, an inhibitory protein mainly expressed on activated immune cells that is targeted in the clinic, with successful and remarkable results. The PD-1/PD-Ls axis was shown to be one of the most relevant immunosuppressive pathways in the immune microenvironment, and blocking this interaction gave rise to an impressive clinical benefit in a broad variety of solid and hematological malignancies. Although PD-L2 has been historically considered a minor ligand, it binds to PD-1 with a two- to six-fold higher affinity as compared to PD-L1. PD-L2 can be expressed by immune, stromal, or tumor cells. The aims of this narrative review are to summarize PD-L2 biology in the physiological responses of the immune system and its role, expression, and clinical significance in cancer.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.