ArticleInfection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases2020
Emerging infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in Egypt: Evidence for an evolutionary advantage of a new S1 variant with a unique gene 3ab constellation.
Article in Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global transmission pathways and adaptive molecular evolution of avian infectious bronchitis GI-23 (Variant 2).Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Development of an HRM-qRT-PCR platform for fast and cost-effective genotyping of infectious bronchitis virus in Egypt.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Phylogenetic network of infectious bronchitis virus: exploring the impact of migratory birds on viral clustering, evolution, and recombination.The veterinary quarterly · 2025Article
- Article
- Emerging GI-23 infectious bronchitis virus in vaccinated broiler chickens: detection and molecular characterization during a respiratory outbreak in Southern Brazil.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Dominance of the GI-19 genotype and genomic characterization of the S1 gene in avian infectious bronchitis virus from 2020 to 2024.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Mechanism and complex roles of HSC70/HSPA8 in viral entry.Virus research · 2024Review
- The efficacy of simultaneous successive classic and variant infectious bronchitis virus vaccines versus circulating variant II Egyptian field virus.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- Avian infectious bronchitis virus (AIBV) review by continent.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Key Aspects of Coronavirus Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Phylodynamic and Recombination Analyses of Avian Infectious Bronchitis GI-23 Reveal a Widespread Recombinant Cluster and New Among-Countries Linkages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- The emergence, evolution and spread of infectious bronchitis virus genotype GI-23.Archives of virology · 2021Review
- Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt: Genetic Diversity and Vaccination Strategies.Veterinary sciences · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a gamma-coronavirus, causes infectious bronchitis (IB), a major respiratory disease of chicken. Its high mutation rate in conjunction with recombination of the RNA genome constantly creates IBV variants that are difficult to control by currently available vaccines. In this study, we addressed the question whether small-scale holdings might harbor IBV variants that serve as a reservoir for newly emerging variants. Egyptian IBV isolate EGY/NR725/2016 (NR725/16) from a small-scale broiler farm was assigned to genotype I, clade 23 (S1:GI-23), based on partial S1 gene sequences and corroborated by full genome sequencing. Analysis of the S1 gene established three subclades for historical IBV strains (S1:GI-23.1, S1:GI-23.2.1 and S1:GI-23.2.2) and confirmed NR725/16 as being part of a separate fourth subclade (S1:GI-23.3). Samples from the years 2018 and 2019 revealed that the new subclade prevails in Egypt, carrying fixed mutations within the hypervariable regions (HVR) 1-3 of the S1 protein that affect two neutralization sensitive epitopes at sites 294F, 297S and 306Y (48.2) and 329R (62.1). In addition, recombination was recognized in isolate NR 725/16, with intra-subtype mixing for the entire genes 3ab and E and inter-subtype mixing for the entire gene 6b with a close match to QX like viruses of genotype GI-19. Further analysis of gene 3ab detected the homologous gene pool to NR725/16 in samples from 2013 (3ab:C) and closely related 3ab genotypes in IBV Egyptian isolates from 2016, 2018 and 2019. These data prove a flourishing exchange between poultry holdings with a common gene pool. The continued circulation of viruses harboring genes S1:GI-23.3 and 3ab:C indicates an evolutionary advantage of this combination possibly by combining antigenic escape with modulated pathogenicity to facilitate IBV spread in the vaccinated poultry population in Egypt.
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