ArticleScientific reports2020
Spatiotemporal clustering analysis of Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) vaccination coverage in Pakistan.
Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Understanding Motivating Factors for COVID-19 Vaccination in Families Defaulting from Childhood Immunization: A Mixed-Methods Study in Pakistan.Pediatric reports · 2026Article
- Creating cohesive communities: using Conditional-Collective-Community-Based Incentives to change social norms on polio immunization in Pakistan.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Bridging the Vaccination Equity Gap: A Community-Driven Approach to Reduce Vaccine Inequities in Polio High-Risk Areas of Pakistan.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Exploring the reasons for defaulting from childhood immunization: a qualitative study in Pakistan.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Etiology of Acute Infectious Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis in Karachi, Pakistan: Retrospective Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Center.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Observational
- Implications of COVID-19 and "super floods" for routine vaccination in Pakistan: The reemergence of vaccine preventable-diseases such as polio and measles.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Molecular and Biochemical Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, Stress Tolerance, and Plant Growth-Promoting Effect of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Wheat Varieties.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Meningitis Among Patients in Quetta, Pakistan.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Universal vaccination coverage is still far from desired targets in many global regions including Pakistan, despite the success stories and its scientifically proven benefits. EPI Pakistan vaccination coverage data 2012-2016, at district level was collected from Federal EPI Pakistan. District-wise population data were collected from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. Descriptive statistics and sequence plots were performed in SPSS 13.0. Purely spatial scanning analysis was done in SaTScan 9.4.4 using discrete Poisson model for detection of low vaccination coverage clusters. Geographical information system (GIS) was used to display spatial patterns and clusters of low vaccination coverage districts in Pakistan. Average annual EPI vaccination coverage in each study year were; 70.98 in 2012, 69.39% in 2013, 66.74% in 2014, 61.47% in 2015, and 67.01% in 2016, respectively. Cumulative average national vaccination rate (2012-2016) for all types of EPI vaccines was 60.60%. Average national vaccination rate for BCG, OPV3, pentavalent3 and measles1 was 67.12%, 58.53%, 58.47%, and 58.29%, respectively. Spatial cluster analysis demonstrated that most of low coverage districts for BCG, OPV3 and pentavalent3 were from FATA and KPK; while measles1 low coverage districts belonged to Balochistan. Future research should probe factors involved in low vaccination coverage in high risk districts.
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