ArticleCritical care (London, England)2020
Causes and characteristics of death in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in Critical care (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Prone Positioning in Non-ARDS Patients With Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The clinical respiratory journal · 2026Pooled it
- Optimizing endpoints in early phase clinical trials of acute respiratory distress syndrome.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Evidence-based guidelines for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in Australia and New Zealand using GRADE methodology series part 1: Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) indications and management.Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine · 2026Article
- A multilevel analysis of mortality and determinants among patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Microbial lung-to-blood translocation associates with systemic inflammation in severe pneumonia: evidence from paired plasma and lower respiratory tract metagenomics.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Skin tone and clinical dataset from a prospective trial on acute care patients.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Alveolar Immune Profiling Identifies Distinct Subphenotypes of Acute Respiratory Failure.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Pulmonary vascular dysfunction in ARDS Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications.Annals of intensive care · 2026Review
- Observational
- Utility of Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase as a Novel Biomarker in Predicting Early Severe Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study.Indian journal of critical care medicine : peer-reviewed, official publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine · 2025Article
- Organ Crosstalk During Injury: Mechanisms of Lung-Kidney Interaction in Critical Illness.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
- The epidemiology and outcomes of adults with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure in a low-income country in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study.BMJ global health · 2025Observational
- Plasma-Based Endotypes in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Identify High-Risk Patients With Extrapulmonary Disease: Why Looking Outside the Lung Compartment Enriches for Nonpulmonary Morbidity and Mortality.Critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Plasma Levels of Soluble ST2 Reflect Extrapulmonary Organ Dysfunction and Predict Outcomes in Acute Respiratory Failure.Critical care medicine · 2025Observational
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiological Insights, Subphenotypes, and Clinical Implications-A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of Venous CONgestion on Organ Function and Outcomes in Sepsis (ICON-Sepsis): a prospective observational cohort study protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Review
- Feasibility of using continuous positive airway pressureERJ open research · 2025Article
- Drivers of prognosis and clinical trajectories differ between COVID and non-COVID acute hypoxic respiratory failure.PloS one · 2025Article
- Novel machine learning models for the prediction of acute respiratory distress syndrome after liver transplantation.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high in-hospital mortality. However, in cohorts of ARDS patients from the 1990s, patients more commonly died from sepsis or multi-organ failure rather than refractory hypoxemia. Given increased attention to lung-protective ventilation and sepsis treatment in the past 25 years, we hypothesized that causes of death may be different among contemporary cohorts. These differences may provide clinicians with insight into targets for future therapeutic interventions.
methodsWe identified adult patients hospitalized at a single tertiary care center (2016-2017) with AHRF, defined as PaO
resultsWe identified 385 decedents with AHRF, of whom 127 (33%) had ARDS. The most common primary causes of death were sepsis (26%), pulmonary dysfunction (22%), and neurologic dysfunction (19%). Multi-organ failure was present in 70% at time of death, most commonly due to sepsis (50% of all patients), and 70% were on significant respiratory support at the time of death. Only 2% of patients had insupportable oxygenation or ventilation. Eighty-five percent died following withdrawal of life support. Patients with ARDS more often had pulmonary dysfunction as the primary cause of death (28% vs 19%; p = 0.04) and were also more likely to die while requiring significant respiratory support (82% vs 64%; p < 0.01).
conclusionsIn this contemporary cohort of patients with AHRF, the most common primary causes of death were sepsis and pulmonary dysfunction, but few patients had insupportable oxygenation or ventilation. The vast majority of deaths occurred after withdrawal of life support. ARDS patients were more likely to have pulmonary dysfunction as the primary cause of death and die while requiring significant respiratory support compared to patients without ARDS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.