ReviewJournal of leukocyte biology2020
Surmounting the obstacles that impede effective CAR T cell trafficking to solid tumors.
Review in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Guided immunotherapy for residual solid tumor: integrating platelets and CAR T cells to reduce post-surgical recurrence.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Nanomedicine Meets Immunotherapy: Advancing Adoptive Cell Therapy with Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cancer with Sustainability Perspectives.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Bridging biomaterials and immunotherapy: hydrogel strategies for next-generation CAR-T cell treatment.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Redirecting engineered immune cells using G protein-coupled receptors in cancer therapy.Immuno-oncology technology · 2026Review
- T cells assemble lentivirus to solve local delivery of stable gene therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Imaging the fate of CAR-T cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chemokines as regulators of CAR-T cell trafficking, function, and context-dependent tumor cell death.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune Cell Migration Models Synergize Nuclear Piston, Uropod, and Microenvironment into Hydraulic Cell Engine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Current Landscape and Future Directions in Cancer Immunotherapy: Therapies, Trials, and Challenges.Cancers · 2025Review
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor Cell Therapy: Empowering Treatment Strategies for Solid Tumors.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Advances in cancer immunotherapy and future directions in personalized medicine.Open life sciences · 2025Review
- Multiplex engineering and multifunction T cells for precise and effective immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- SubvertingBiology · 2024Review
- From Crypts to Cancer: A Holistic Perspective on Colorectal Carcinogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Glioblastoma Vaccines as Promising Immune-Therapeutics: Challenges and Current Status.Vaccines · 2024Review
- PD-1 defines a distinct, functional, tissue-adapted state in Vδ1Nature cancer · 2024Article
- Immune-reactive tumor organoids system to determine the effects of microbial metabolites on cancer immunity and immunotherapies.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- Revolutionizing Immunotherapy: Unveiling New Horizons, Confronting Challenges, and Navigating Therapeutic Frontiers in CAR-T Cell-Based Gene Therapies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Review
- Biomarkers for prediction of CAR T therapy outcomes: current and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innovative immunotherapies based on immune checkpoint targeting antibodies and engineered T cells are transforming the way we approach cancer treatment. However, although these T cell centered strategies result in marked and durable responses in patients across many different tumor types, they provide therapeutic efficacy only in a proportion of patients. A major challenge of immuno-oncology is thereby to identify mechanisms responsible for resistance to cancer immunotherapy in order to overcome them via adapted strategies that will ultimately improve intrinsic efficacy and response rates. Here, we focus on the barriers that restrain the trafficking of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells to solid tumors. Upon infusion, CAR T cells need to home into malignant sites, navigate within complex tumor environments, form productive interactions with cancer cells, deliver their cytotoxic activities, and finally persist. We review the accumulating evidence that the microenvironment of solid tumors contains multiple obstacles that hinder CAR T cells in the dynamic steps underlying their trafficking. We focus on how these hurdles may in part account for the failure of CAR T cell clinical trials in human carcinomas. Given the engineered nature of CAR T cells and possibilities to modify the tumor environment, there are ample opportunities to augment CAR T cell ability to efficiently find and combat tumors. We present some of these strategies, which represent a dynamic field of research with high potential for clinical applicability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.