ArticleCellular immunology2020
Combined TLR4 and TLR9 agonists induce distinct phenotypic changes in innate immunity in vitro and in vivo.
Article in Cellular immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Targets and Nanotechnology Approaches in Treating Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: Insights into Host-Microbe Interactions and Immunotherapy.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Co-Delivery of Multiple Toll-Like Receptor Agonists and Avian Influenza Hemagglutinin on Protein Nanoparticles Enhances Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Nanocarrier design for pathogen-inspired innate immune agonist delivery.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Computational Investigation of Selected Spike Protein Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Delta, Omicron, and Some Circulating Subvariants.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Intratumoral immunotherapy using a TLR2/3 agonist, L-pampo, induces robust antitumor immune responses and enhances immune checkpoint blockade.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- DerinatFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- A Synthetic Peptide CTL Vaccine Targeting Nucleocapsid Confers Protection from SARS-CoV-2 Challenge in Rhesus Macaques.Vaccines · 2021Article
- High- and low-molecular-weight chitosan act as adjuvants during single-dose influenza A virus protein vaccination through distinct mechanisms.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2021Article
- Nasal Immunization With Small Molecule Mast Cell Activators Enhance Immunity to Co-Administered Subunit Immunogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR9 agonists, MPL and CpG, are used as adjuvants in vaccines and have been investigated for their combined potential. However, how these two combined agonists regulate transcriptional changes in innate immune cells and cells at the site of vaccination has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we utilized transcriptomics to investigate how CpG, MPL, and CpG + MPL impact gene expression in dendritic cells (DC) in vitro. Principal component analysis of transcriptional changes after single and combined treatment indicated that CpG, MPL, and CpG + MPL caused distinct gene signatures. CpG + MPL induced antiviral gene expression and activated the interferon regulatory factor pathway. In vitro changes were associated with lower in vivo morbidity upon viral challenge, elevated systemic cytokine protein production, local cytokine mRNA expression, and increased migratory monocyte derived DC populations in the draining lymph node following vaccination with CpG + MPL. This report suggests that CpG + MPL enhances transcription of antiviral and inflammatory genes and increases DC migration.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.