ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2021
Diversity of influenza A viruses retrieved from respiratory disease outbreaks and subclinically infected herds in Spain (2017-2019).
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoonotic infections and genomic evolution of novel reassortant swine influenza A viruses in Spain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Influenza A virus infection dynamics in two sow herds and effects of interventions.Porcine health management · 2026Article
- Major change in swine influenza virus diversity in France owing to emergence and widespread dissemination of a newly introduced H1N2 1C genotype in 2020.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of stabilizers on the detection of swine influenza A virus (swIAV) in spiked oral fluids over time.Porcine health management · 2024Article
- The introduction of a highly virulent PRRSV strain in pig farms is associated with a change in the pattern of influenza A virus infection in nurseries.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Diversity of respiratory viruses present in nasal swabs under influenza suspicion in respiratory disease cases of weaned pigs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Evolution of influenza A virus in intensive and free-range swine farms in Spain.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Serological Evidence of Backyard Pig Exposure to Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 Virus during 2016-2017 Epizootic in France.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Diversity of influenza A viruses retrieved from respiratory disease outbreaks and subclinically infected herds in Spain (2017-2019).Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present study was aimed to assess the diversity of influenza A viruses (IAV) circulating in pig farms in the Iberian Peninsula. The study included two different situations: farms suffering respiratory disease outbreaks compatible with IAV (n = 211) and randomly selected farms without overt respiratory disease (n = 19). Initially, the presence of IAV and lineage determination was assessed by qRT-PCR using nasal swabs. IAV was confirmed in 145 outbreaks (68.7%), mostly in nurseries (53/145; 36.5%). Subtyping by RT-qPCR was possible in 94 of those cases being H1avN2hu (33.6%), H1avN1av (24.3%) and H1huN2hu (18.7%), the most common lineages. H3huN2hu and H1pdmN1pdm represented 7.5% and 6.5% of the cases, respectively. As for the randomly selected farms, 15/19 (78.9%) were positive for IAV. Again, the virus was mostly found in nurseries and H1avN2hu was the predominant lineage. Virus isolation in MDCK cells was attempted from positive cases. Sixty of the isolates were fully sequenced with Illumina MiSeq®. Within those 60 isolates, the most frequent genotypes had internal genes of avian origin, and these were D (19/60; 31.7%) and A (11/60; 18.3%), H1avN2hu and H1avN1av, respectively. In addition, seven previously unreported genotypes were identified. In two samples, more than one H or N were found and it was not possible to precisely establish their genotypes. A great diversity was observed in the phylogenetic analysis. Notably, four H3 sequences clustered with human isolates from 2004-05 (Malaysia and Denmark) that were considered uncommon in pigs. Overall, this study indicates that IAV is a very common agent in respiratory disease outbreaks in Spanish pig farms. The genetic diversity of this virus is continuously expanding with clear changes in the predominant subtypes and lineages in relatively short periods of time. The current genotyping scheme has to be enlarged to include the new genotypes that could be found in the future.
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