ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2020
Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of coronary heart disease: a pan-European cohort study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic plasticity of the gut microbiome in response to diets differing in glycemic load in a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Ketogenic Diet and Brain Health: Cerebrovascular Mechanisms, Neuroprotection, and Translational Implications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Higher Dietary Insulinemic Potential, and Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG)-BMI Index may Contribute to Coronary Artery Disease Severity: a Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2025Article
- Comparing Dietary Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Vancouver's South Asian Community.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis: The Problem and the Search for Its Solution.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- The Gut-Heart Axis: Molecular Perspectives and Implications for Myocardial Infarction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Perspective on the health value of carbohydrate-rich foods: glycemic index and load; fiber and whole grains.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- The Impact of Dietary Carbohydrates on Inflammation-Related Cardiovascular Disease Risk: The ATTICA Study (2002-2022).Nutrients · 2024Observational
- Cost-effectiveness of tax policies on promoting sustainable diets in Iran: a modeling study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Lifestyle and the risk of acute coronary event: a retrospective study of patients after myocardial infarction.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Tackling Atherosclerosis via Selected Nutrition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2022Article
- The association of Carbohydrate Quality Index with cardiovascular disease risk factors among women with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Perspective: Does Glycemic Index Matter for Weight Loss and Obesity Prevention? Examination of the Evidence on "Fast" Compared with "Slow" Carbs.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Article
- Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load and mortality: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Review
- Fat, Sugar or Gut Microbiota in Reducing Cardiometabolic Risk: Does Diet Type Really Matter?Nutrients · 2021Review
- Knockdown of lncRNA ENST00000609755.1 Confers Protection Against Early oxLDL-Induced Coronary Heart Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
45 authors at 20 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHigh carbohydrate intake raises blood triglycerides, glucose, and insulin; reduces HDLs; and may increase risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Epidemiological studies indicate that high dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with increased CHD risk.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine whether dietary GI, GL, and available carbohydrates are associated with CHD risk in both sexes.
methodsThis large prospective study-the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-consisted of 338,325 participants who completed a dietary questionnaire. HRs with 95% CIs for a CHD event, in relation to intake of GI, GL, and carbohydrates, were estimated using covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.
resultsAfter 12.8 y (median), 6378 participants had experienced a CHD event. High GL was associated with greater CHD risk [HR 1.16 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.31) highest vs. lowest quintile, p-trend 0.035; HR 1.18 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.29) per 50 g/day of GL intake]. The association between GL and CHD risk was evident in subjects with BMI (in kg/m2) ≥25 [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.35) per 50 g/d] but not in those with BMI <25 [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.22) per 50 g/d) (P-interaction = 0.022). The GL-CHD association did not differ between men [HR: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.30) per 50 g/d] and women [HR: 1.22 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.40) per 50 g/d] (test for interaction not significant). GI was associated with CHD risk only in the continuous model [HR: 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 5 units/d]. High available carbohydrate was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.18) per 50 g/d]. High sugar intake was associated with greater CHD risk [HR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17) per 50 g/d].
conclusionsThis large pan-European study provides robust additional support for the hypothesis that a diet that induces a high glucose response is associated with greater CHD risk.
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Registered trials
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