ReviewNeural plasticity2020
Neurobiology of Recovery of Motor Function after Stroke: The Central Nervous System Biomarker Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy.
Review in Neural plasticity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanisms of exercise-based rehabilitation following intracerebral hemorrhage: insights from preclinical evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on lower extremity motor dysfunction in post-stroke patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of home-based upper limb rehabilitation in stroke survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Pooled it
- Constraint-induced movement therapy protocols using the number of repetitions of task practice: a systematic review of feasibility and effects.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of Lower Limb Constraint Induced Movement Therapy in People With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Comparing Two Different Modes of Task Practice during Lower Limb Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in People with Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Neural plasticity · 2021Trial
- A clinical roadmap for lateropulsion after stroke based on a realist review strategy.Clinical rehabilitation · 2026Review
- Roles of the Cholinergic and Adrenergic Systems in Vagus Nerve Stimulation for the Recovery of Motor Function in Patients with Stroke: Opportunities for Novel Treatments and Rehabilitation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Modified constraint-induced movement therapy improves functional recovery after ischemic stroke and its impacts on exosome-derived microRNAs.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Effects of Combining Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation with Virtual Reality on Upper Limb Function in Patients with Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy With or Without Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Versus Conventional Therapy for Upper Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke Survivors: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Neuroangiogenesis potential of mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles in ischemic stroke conditions.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Article
- Multimodal non-invasive non-pharmacological therapies for chronic pain: mechanisms and progress.BMC medicine · 2023Review
- Modified constraint-induced movement therapy enhances cortical plasticity in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: a resting-state functional MRI study.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Variation in the rate of recovery in motor function between the upper and lower limbs in patients with stroke: some proposed hypotheses and their implications for research and practice.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Caveolin-1 suppresses hippocampal neuron apoptosis via the regulation of HIF1α in hypoxia in naked mole-rats.Cell biology international · 2022Article
- Comparing Neuroplasticity Changes Between High and Low Frequency Gait Training in Subacute Stroke: Protocol for a Randomized, Single-Blinded, Controlled Study.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Factors influencing recovery of upper limb motor function during constraint-induced movement therapy for people with stroke.Translational neuroscience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recovery of motor function after stroke involves many biomarkers. This review attempts to identify the biomarker effects responsible for recovery of motor function following the use of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and discuss their implications for research and practice. From the studies reviewed, the biomarker effects identified include improved perfusion of motor areas and brain glucose metabolism; increased expression of proteins, namely, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43); and decreased level of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). Others include increased cortical activation, increased motor map size, and decreased interhemispheric inhibition of the ipsilesional hemisphere by the contralesional hemisphere. Interestingly, the biomarker effects correlated well with improved motor function. However, some of the biomarker effects have not yet been investigated in humans, and they require that CIMT starts early on poststroke. In addition, one study seems to suggest the combined use of CIMT with other rehabilitation techniques such as Transcortical Direct Stimulation (tDCs) in patients with chronic stroke to achieve the biomarker effects. Unfortunately, there are few studies in humans that implemented CIMT during early poststroke. Thus, it is important that more studies in humans are carried out to determine the biomarker effects of CIMT especially early on poststroke, when there is a greater opportunity for recovery. Furthermore, it should be noted that these effects are mainly in ischaemic stroke.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.