ArticleJournal of ginseng research2020
Effects of gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides Rd, Rg3, F2, and compound K in healthy volunteers treated orally with red ginseng.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phytochemicals remodel antitumor immunity via the "microbiota-metabolite-receptor" axis: focus on colorectal cancer and immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Ginsenosides fromJournal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Microbiome-mediated pharmacology of ginseng: Mechanistic insights into metabolic regulation and therapeutic potential.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Therapeutic effect of ginseng: a non-antibiotic approach to preventing pathogenic bacterial infections and restoring gut microbiota composition.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota and its metabolites regulate insulin resistance: traditional Chinese medicine insights for T2DM.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Metabolism and drug interactions of Korean ginseng based on the pharmacokinetic properties of ginsenosides: Current status and future perspectives.Journal of ginseng research · 2024Review
- Current View on How Human Gut Microbiota Mediate Metabolic and Pharmacological Activity ofEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2024Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Rh2 and aPPD ginsenosides in prostate cancer: a drug interaction perspective.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2023Review
- Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Ginsenosides, Rb1, Rd, and Rg3, in Mice with Antibiotic-Induced Gut Microbiota Alterations: Implications for Variability in the Therapeutic Efficacy of Red Ginseng Extracts.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Protective effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in the development of osteoarthritis (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Effect of fermented red ginseng on gut microbiota dysbiosis- or immobilization stress-induced anxiety, depression, and colitis in mice.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Saponins of ginseng products: a review of their transformation in processing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
- Concomitant Administration of Red Ginseng Extract with Lactic Acid Bacteria Increases the Plasma Concentration of Deglycosylated Ginsenosides in Healthy Human Subjects.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Ginsenoside Rd ameliorates muscle wasting by suppressing the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Article
- Fermented and Aged Ginseng Sprouts (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Gut Microbiota, the Potential Biological Medicine for Prevention, Intervention and Drug Sensitization to Fight Diseases.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Insights into Recent Studies on Biotransformation and Pharmacological Activities of Ginsenoside Rd.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Pharmacokinetics of Ginsenoside Rb1, Rg3, Rk1, Rg5, F2, and Compound K from Red Ginseng Extract in Healthy Korean Volunteers.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is well recognized that gut microbiota is involved in the biotransformation of ginsenosides by converting the polar ginsenosides to nonpolar bioactive ginsenosides. However, the roles of the gut microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in humans have not yet been fully elucidated.
methodsRed ginseng (RG) or fermented red ginseng was orally administered to 34 healthy Korean volunteers, and the serum concentrations of the ginsenosides were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the fecal ginsenoside Rd- and compound K (CK)-forming activities were measured. Then, the correlations between the pharmacokinetic profiles of the ginsenosides and the fecal ginsenoside-metabolizing activities were investigated.
resultsFor the RG group, the area under the serum concentration-time curve values of ginsenosides Rd, F2, Rg3, and CK were 8.20 ± 11.95 ng·h/mL, 4.54 ± 3.70 ng·h/mL, 36.40 ± 19.68 ng·h/mL, and 40.30 ± 29.83 ng·h/mL, respectively. For the fermented red ginseng group, the the area under curve from zero to infinity (AUC
conclusionThe gut microbiota may play an important role in the bioavailability of the nonpolar RG ginsenosides by affecting the biotransformation of the ginsenosides.
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