ArticleJournal of ginseng research2020
Structural characteristics of a red ginseng acidic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan I with immunostimulating activity from red ginseng.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Ginseng polysaccharides: Structures-based classification and biological activities-A review.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Research advances in red ginseng polysaccharides: preparation, structural characteristics and immunomodulatory effect.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Microbial Fermentation Affects the Structure-Activity Relationship of Bioactive Compounds in Ginseng and Its Applications in Fermentation Products: A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Structural characterization of rhamnogalacturonan-I purified fromFood science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Korean Red Ginseng Polysaccharides Enhance Intestinal IgA Production and Barrier Function via Peyer's Patch Activation in Mice.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Recent trends in ginseng research.Journal of natural medicines · 2024Review
- Purification and Structural Characterization of Polysaccharides fromFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Newly identified maltol derivatives in Korean Red Ginseng and their biological influence as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.Journal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- A novel protocol for batch-separating gintonin-enriched, polysaccharide-enriched, and crude ginsenoside-containing fractions fromJournal of ginseng research · 2023Article
- Characterization of macrophage activation after treatment with polysaccharides from ginseng according to heat processing.Applied biological chemistry · 2023Article
- Optimization of the extraction process of high levels of chlorogenic acid and ginsenosides from short-term hydroponic-cultured ginseng and evaluation of the extract for the prevention of atopic dermatitis.Journal of ginseng research · 2022Article
- Swelling, Protein Adsorption, and Biocompatibility In Vitro of Gel Beads Prepared from Pectin of HogweedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Isolation, Structural Characterization and Macrophage Activation Activity of an Acidic Polysaccharide from Raspberry Pulp.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Antiviral Effect of Panax Notoginseng Polysaccharides by Inhibiting PRV Adsorption and Replication In Vitro.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Characterization and Biocompatibility Properties In Vitro of Gel Beads Based on the Pectin andMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Ginseng Pectin WGPA Alleviates Exercise-Induced Fatigue by Enhancing Gluconeogenesis.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Novel analysis procedure for red ginseng polysaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Journal of ginseng research · 2021Article
- Comparisons of Isolation Methods, Structural Features, and Bioactivities of the Polysaccharides from Three Common Panax Species: A Review of Recent Progress.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Protective Effects of Gintonin on Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced HT22 Cell Damages: Involvement of LPA1 Receptor-BDNF-AKT Signaling Pathway.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMany researchers reported that the various immune activities of red ginseng are due to acid polysaccharides. But, the exact structural characteristics of the acidic polysaccharide in red ginseng have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we isolated the acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng and characterized the structural property of the active moiety of this polysaccharide, which contributes to the immunostimulatory activity of red ginseng.
methodsA polysaccharide (RGP-AP-I) was purified from red ginseng via size-exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-100. Immunostimulatary activity of RGP-AP-I was investigated via anti-complementory and macrophage stimulatory activity. The structure of RGP-AP-I was characterized by HPLC, sugar composition, β-glucosyl Yariv reagent and methylation analysis.
resultsPeritoneal macrophages stimulated using RGP-AP-I significantly augmented the production of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The primary structure of RGP-AP-I was elucidated by assessing its sugar composition and methylation analysis. RGP-AP-I is a 96 kDa acidic polysaccharide, and comprises nine different monosaccharides, which mainly include sugars such as rhamnose (Rha, 9.5%), galacturonic acid (GalA, 18.4%), galactose (Gal, 30.4%), and arabinose (Ara, 35.0%). RGP-AP-I exhibited an considerable reaction with the β-glucosyl Yariv reagent, revealing the presence of arabino-β-3,6-galactan. Methylation analysis indicated that RGP-AP-I comprises 21 different glycosyl linkages, such as 3-, 4-, 6- and 3,6-linked Galp; 5-linked Araf; 2,4-linked Rhap; and 4-linked GalAp, which are characteristics of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I).
conclusionwe assumed that the immunostimulatory activity of RGP-AP-I may be due to the RG-I structure, which comprises a main chain with a repeating linkage unit, [→2)-Rhap-(1→4)-GalAp-(1→] and three groups of side chains such as (1→5)-linked arabinan, (1→4)-linked galactan, and arabino-β-3,6-galactan, which branch at the C(O)4 positions of Rha residues in the main chain of RGP-AP-I.
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