ArticlePoultry science2020
Cellular markers of mule duck livers after force-feeding.
Article in Poultry science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adaptive responses to fractionated feeding: transient hyperphagia and reversible hepatic lipid deposition in mule ducks.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Foie Gras Production: A Literature Review on the Welfare Implications of Force-Feeding of Ducks.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Dynamics and reversibility of hepatic steatosis in male Mule duck.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Oleic Acid Increases Lipid Accumulation in Duck Hepatocytes by Promoting Apolipoprotein A1 Expression.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Development of hepatic steatosis in male and female mule ducks after respective force-feeding programs.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Identification of alternative splicing events related to fatty liver formation in duck using full-length transcripts.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Evolution of oxidative stress markers in livers of ducks during force-feeding.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Slightly different metabolomic profiles are associated with high or low weight duck foie gras.PloS one · 2022Article
- Hepatic Proteomic Analysis Reveals That Enhanced Carboxylic Acid Metabolism and Oxidoreduction Promote Muscle and Fat Deposition in Muscovy Duck.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Article
- Impacts of Embryonic Thermal Programming on the Expression of Genes Involved inFrontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Application of Metabolomics to Identify Hepatic Biomarkers ofFrontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Two Weight Classes of Mule Duck "Frontiers in physiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The "Foie gras" or fatty liver is the result of hepatic steatosis from nutritional origin and induced by the force-feeding of palmipeds. Despite identical rearing and force-feeding conditions of ducks from the same breed, different liver weights, within a range of 500 to more than 700 g, are generally observed at the time of evisceration. To better understand the determinism of this large variability in fatty liver weights, the activity of various metabolic pathways has been explored in 4 groups of steatotic livers differing by their weights. Different analyses were performed using biochemical assays on metabolites as well as ELISA tests or enzyme activity assays. The result showed that an increase in the final liver weight is always associated with a hypoxic response and even a severe hypoxia observed in livers with the highest weights (more than 650 g). This is also combined with a rise in the cellular oxidative stress level. In addition, for the heaviest livers (more than 700 g), signs of cell death by apoptosis were also observed, while others programmed cell death pathways, such as ferroptosis or necroptosis, seemed to be nonactive.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.