ArticleThe Korean journal of parasitology2020
Polarization of M2 Macrophages by Interaction between Prostate Cancer Cells Treated with Trichomonas vaginalis and Adipocytes.
Article in The Korean journal of parasitology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adipocyte-Tumor Interactions in the Bone Marrow Niche: Implications for Metastasis and Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Interplay of obesity and parasitic infection: current evidence of immunogenesis, tumorigenesis and leptin receptor involvement.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
- Infinity war:Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2023Review
- The correlation between Trichomonas vaginalis infection and reproductive system cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Three-Dimensional-Cultured Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mesenchymal Stem Cells Prevent Inflammation and Dedifferentiation in Pancreatic Islets.Stem cells international · 2023Article
- The Roles of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer.Journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Proliferation of Mouse Prostate Cancer Cells Inflamed by Trichomonas vaginalis.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2021Article
- Involvement of Macrophages in Proliferation of Prostate Cancer Cells Infected with Trichomonas vaginalis.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2021Article
- Signaling Role of Adipocyte Leptin in Prostate Cell Proliferation Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Trichomonas vaginalis causes inflammation of the prostate and has been detected in tissues of prostate cancers (PCa), prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Obesity is a risk factor for PCa and causes a chronic subclinical inflammation. This chronic inflammation further exacerbates adipose tissue inflammation as results of migration and activation of macrophages. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the PCa microenvironment. M2 macrophages, known as Tumor-Associated Macrophages, are involved in increasing cancer malignancy. In this study, conditioned medium (TCM) of PCa cells infected with live trichomonads contained chemokines that stimulated migration of the mouse preadipocytes (3T3-L1 cells). Conditioned medium of adipocytes incubated with TCM (ATCM) contained Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13). Macrophage migration was stimulated by ATCM. In macrophages treated with ATCM, expression of M2 markers increased, while M1 markers decreased. Therefore, it is suggested that ATCM induces polarization of M0 to M2 macrophages. In addition, conditioned medium from the macrophages incubated with ATCM stimulates the proliferation and invasiveness of PCa. Our findings suggest that interaction between inflamed PCa treated with T. vaginalis and adipocytes causes M2 macrophage polarization, so contributing to the progression of PCa.
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Registered trials
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