ArticleAnnals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism2020
Minipuberty of human infancy - A window of opportunity to evaluate hypogonadism and differences of sex development?
Article in Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences in Leptin Levels in Children and Adolescents with Normal Weight and Overweight/Obesity Across Pubertal Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Gonadotropin Suppression During Mini-Puberty as an Early Biomarker of Classic 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Article
- Associations of endocrine disrupting chemicals with anogenital distance across infancy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Observational
- Ambient Air Pollution, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Pubertal Development: A Critical Review of Emerging Evidence.Current environmental health reports · 2026Review
- Dense longitudinal neuroimaging reveals individual brain change trajectories.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2026Review
- A geometric morphometrics approach to sex estimation of infants from 0 to 6 years using the auricular surface.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gonadotropins in Mini-Puberty: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Implications for Male Congenital Hypogonadism.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Pubertal induction in prepubertal males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: testosterone or gonadotropins?Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Review
- Immune modulation by sex hormones: unveiling the complex interplay and regulatory networks.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Obesity and cryptorchidism across development: an integrated endocrine and metabolic life course framework.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Review
- Examining androgen and estrogen profiles during pubertal development in autistic and neurotypical girls.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- Biological sex impacts immune cell proportions and epigenetic profiles in the developing pediatric immune system.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Defining the cell and molecular origins of the primate ovarian reserve.Nature communications · 2025Article
- In preprints: rethinking the foundations of the ovarian reserve.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Single-cell resolution uncovers neighboring cell subtypes that share steroidogenic capacity during fetal testis development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Serum DLK1 During Minipuberty and Pubertal Transition in Healthy Girls and in Girls With Precocious Puberty.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Foetal Exposure to Phthalates and Endocrine Effects on the Leydig Cell.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Review
- The intersection and developmental trajectory of morning cortisol and testosterone in autistic and neurotypical youth.Molecular autism · 2025Article
- Steroid hormone levels vary with sex, aging, lifestyle, and genetics.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis happens in 3 phases during life. The first phase is during fetal life and is only separated from the second phase, called minipuberty, by the high concentration of placental hormones at birth. The third period of activation of the HPG axis is puberty and is well-described. Minipuberty consists of the neonatal activation of the HPG axis, mainly in the first 1-6 months, where the resulting high levels of gonadotropins and sex steroids induce the maturation of sexual organs in both sexes. With gonadal activation, testosterone levels rise in boys with peak levels after 1-3 months, which results in penile and testicular growth. In girls, gonadal activation leads to follicular maturation and a fluctuating increase in estrogen levels, with more controversy regarding the actual influence on the target tissue. The regulation of the HPG axis is complex, involving many biological and environmental factors. Only a few of these have known effects. Many details of this complex interaction of factors remain to be elucidated in order to understand the mechanisms underlying the first postnatal activation of the HPG axis as well as mechanisms shutting down the HPG axis, resulting in the hormonal quiescence observed between minipuberty and puberty. Minipuberty allows for the maturation of sexual organs and forms a platform for future fertility, but the long-term significance is still not absolutely clear. However, it provides a window of opportunity in the early detection of differences of sexual development, offering the possibility of initiating early medical treatment in some cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.