ArticlePloS one2020
Cholera outbreak in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Determinants of cholera among affected population of Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Microbial foodborne outbreaks in Africa: a systematic review.International health · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of water quality with cholera in case-control studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-Lactamase genes in multi-drug-resistant bacteria isolated from drinking water supply and surface water systems in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Empowering communities in cholera outbreak response: Local perspectives from Sidama, Ethiopia.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Strengthening community engagement in pandemic preparedness: insights from COVID-19 response in Sidama Region, Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiological investigation of a cholera outbreak and its socioeconomic determinants in southwest state, Somalia, January - August, 2024.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Social dynamics influencing cholera risk in the City of Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Cholera due to exposure in Europe associated with consumption of holy water from Ethiopia, January to February 2025.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Article
- Cholera outbreak and associated risk factors in Dollo Ado district, Ethiopia: un-matched case-control study, 2023.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Modeling the behavior of a generalized Cholera epidemic model with asymptomatic measures for early detection.PloS one · 2025Article
- Cholera Outbreaks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries in the Last Decade: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Antibacterial action, proteolytic immunity, and in vivo activity of a Vibrio cholerae microcin.Cell host & microbe · 2024Article
- Healthcare Seeking Behavior and Disease Perception Toward Cholera and Acute Diarrhea Among Populations Living in Cholera High-Priority Hotspots in Shashemene, Ethiopia.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Article
- Vibrio cholerae O1 and Escherichia coli O157:H7 from drinking water and wastewater in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Flip bifurcation analysis and mathematical modeling of cholera disease by taking control measures.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics of cholera epidemics in Ethiopia: 2015-2021.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Existence of cholera outbreak, challenges, and way forward on public health interventions to control cholera outbreak in Guraghe Zones, southern Ethiopia, 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Food as a Driver of a Cholera Epidemic in Jijiga, Ethiopia-June 2017.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCholera remains a significant public health problem in more than one-third of the countries of the world. Cholera outbreak has become more common in Addis Ababa particularly in the rainy seasons; however, there is a paucity of data on risk factors associated with cholera outbreaks rendering interventions difficult. We investigated the outbreak to identify its etiology, source, risk factors and in order to control the outbreak.
methodsWe compared cases with health center-based unmatched controls (1:2). Cases were patients aged ≥5 years with acute watery diarrhea, with or without vomiting while controls were persons aged ≥5 years without history of acute watery diarrhea. We interviewed our study participants using structured questionnaire to collect demographic and cholera risk factors data. We described the outbreak over time, and then tested our hypotheses using unconditional logistic regression.
resultsThe outbreak began on 7 September, 2017 reaching its peak on 23 September, 2017 and ended on 01 October, 2017. We identified a total of 25 cases (Median age: 38 years; IQR: 20 years) and recruited 50 controls (Median age: 35 years; IQR: 29 years). All case-patients had acute watery diarrhea and dehydration requiring intravenous fluids. All cases were admitted to cholera treatment center but there were no deaths. Stool and water samples yielded isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 of serological subtype Ogawa. Consumption of contaminated holy water (AOR: 20.5, 95%CI: 3.50, 119.61) and raw vegetables (AOR: 15.3, 95%CI: 3, 81.51) were independent risk factors whereas washing hands with soap after visiting latrine (AOR: 0.04, 95%CI: 0.01, 0.25) was independent protective factor.
conclusionOur findings demonstrated cholera foodborne transmission via consumption of raw vegetables, and its waterborne transmission via consumption of contaminated holy water. Washing hands with soap after visiting latrine was protective. We recommended cooking of vegetables and promoting hand washing.
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