ArticlePloS one2020
HIV prevalence and the cascade of care in five South African correctional facilities.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- "That makes me feel human": a qualitative evaluation of the acceptability of an HIV differentiated care intervention for formerly incarcerated people re-entering community settings in South Africa.BMC health services research · 2022Trial
- Tuberculosis in prisons: an integrated prevention and care cascade for a persistent structural epidemic.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Article
- Professional Nurses' Experiences Regarding Antiretroviral Adherence by Incarcerated Individuals Living with HIV and AIDS in Correctional Services.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Enhancing HIV Prevention Efforts in the Criminal Legal System: A Comprehensive Review and Recommendations.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Opioid use and HIV treatment services experiences among male criminal justice-involved persons in South Africa: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infections within correctional facilities in Ghana.PloS one · 2023Article
- Evaluating the cascade of care for anal cancer screening within a Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program clinic.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Article
- Cross-sectional assessment of tuberculosis and HIV prevalence in 13 correctional facilities in Zambia.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Overview of the epidemiological conditions of HIV among key populations in Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSouth Africa is home to the world's largest HIV epidemic. Throughout the world, incarcerated individuals have a higher prevalence of HIV than the general public, and South Africa has one of the highest rates of incarceration in sub-Saharan Africa. In spite of this, little has been published about the burden of HIV and how care is delivered in South African correctional facilities.
objectiveTo estimate the prevalence of people living with HIV and identify initiation and retention in the HIV cascade of care across five correctional facilities.
methodsCross-sectional retrospective analysis of 30,571 adult inmates who participated in a tuberculosis screening and HIV counseling and testing campaign in South African correctional facilities (January 1, 2014-January 31, 2015). Descriptive statistics were used to estimate the proportion and 95% confidence intervals of HIV. Proportions of persons retained and lost at each step in the HIV cascade of care under this intervention were calculated. Poisson regression with robust variance estimates were used, and clustering by facility was accounted for in all analyses.
resultsResults of the screening campaign found previously undiagnosed HIV among 13.0% of those consenting to screening, with a total estimated HIV prevalence of 17.7% (n = 3,184, 95% CI: 17.2-18.3%) in the sample. When examining the overall cascade of care, 48.3% of those with HIV initiated care, and overall 45.6% of persons who entered care qualified for ART initiated treatment. A Poisson regression accounting for clustering by facility found HIV high risk groups within the population such as women (aRR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.57, 1.89), those over 35 years of age (aRR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.85), and people incarcerated less than one year (aRR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.19, 1.67).
conclusionIn this setting, routine screening is recommended, and measures are needed to ensure that persons diagnosed are adequately linked to and retained in care.
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