ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021
Association Between Common Vaginal Infections and Cervical Non-Human Papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 Infection in HPV-Vaccinated Women.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Correlation analysis of bacterial vaginosis with HPV infection and different grades of cervical lesions.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Dual effects of vaginal Candida albicans on human papillomavirus infection: A large-scale multicenter study in Chinese women.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Clinical epidemiology and associations between HPV infection and vaginal infections in Jinan, China: a cross-sectional analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Correlation analysis of vaginal microecology and different types of human papillomavirus infection: a study conducted at a hospital in northwest China.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHow vaginal infections such as bacterial vaginosis, Candida spp, and Trichomonas vaginalis affect persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is not well established. Our study aimed to evaluate the association between common vaginal infections and cervical non-HPV16/18 infection, as risk factors associated with persistence of nonvaccine HPV types will become increasingly relevant in the setting of HPV vaccination.
methodsWe performed an analysis in 2039 AS04-HPV16/18-vaccinated women enrolled in a phase II/III trial in China, who were HPV DNA negative at month 0 and 6 and had at least 1 subsequent follow-up visit. Vaginal infections were detected in liquid-based cytology according to the diagnostic criteria of the Bethesda System. Associations between vaginal infections and incident and 6-month persistent non-HPV16/18 infections in the cervix were evaluated using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for the age at initial vaccination, as well as HPV types in the persistence analysis.
resultsStudy visits with any vaginal infection had a statistically significant increased risk of incident non-HPV16/18 infection compared to those without vaginal infections (odds ratio [OR], 1.44 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.09-1.92]). However, vaginal infections were not associated with 6-month persistent non-HPV16/18 infection (OR, 1.02 [95% CI, .62-1.69]).
conclusionsOur study suggests that common vaginal infections are not associated with persistence of non-HPV16/18 infection among HPV16/18-vaccinated women.
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