ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Immunosuppressive IDO in Cancer: Mechanisms of Action, Animal Models, and Targeting Strategies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of recurrent and refractory ovarian cancer: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Laser interstitial thermal therapy and adjuvant pembrolizumab in recurrent high-grade astrocytoma: a Phase 1/randomized Phase 2b trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Engineered indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase variant: Oxidative activation of prodrug indole-3-acetic acid against cancer cells for targeted therapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Targeting tryptophan metabolism in breast cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and future prospects.Translational oncology · 2026Review
- 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy Induces Competing Death and Survival Pathways in Glioblastoma Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Candida-associated immune and metabolic rewiring in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Rewiring tumor metabolism: heterogeneity, oncometabolites, and adaptive plasticity.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- The Antipsychotic Aripiprazole Induces Cytotoxicity in Bladder Cancer Cells While Preserving Urothelial and Bladder Function.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Article
- The Flavonoid Rutin Enhances Temozolomide Sensitivity in Glioblastoma Spheroids by Modulating Chemoresistance via PI3K/AKT, STAT3, Redox and Kynurenine Pathways, and Altering ECM Remodeling Associated with Reduced Migration.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artemether and Euphorbia factor L9 suppress kynurenine production through distinct effects on tryptophan metabolism.The Biochemical journal · 2026Article
- Metabolomic profiling and anti-tumor function of canine NK cells in tumor interaction.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Monooxygenase Activity of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase.Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026Article
- Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition reverses cancer-associated fibroblast-mediated immunosuppression in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- IDO family: the metabolic crossroads connecting immunity, nerves and tumors.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Kynurenine mediates the chemotherapy-induced intestinal toxicity through modulation of gut microbiota.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Targeting metabolic-epigenetic-immune axis in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Redox Perturbation in Cadmium-Mediated Hypothalamic, Pituitary, and Testicular Impairment and Protective Effects of Zinc in Rats Is Accompanied by Modulation of Tryptophan Catabolism Enzyme/Protein.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- LAG-3-associated CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Divergent molecular pathways drive monomorphic epitheliotropic and enteropathy-associated intestinal T-cell lymphoma.Leukemia · 2026Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO; IDO1; INDO) is a rate-limiting enzyme that metabolizes the essential amino acid, tryptophan, into downstream kynurenines. Canonically, the metabolic depletion of tryptophan and/or the accumulation of kynurenine is the mechanism that defines how immunosuppressive IDO inhibits immune cell effector functions and/or facilitates T cell death. Non-canonically, IDO also suppresses immunity through non-enzymic effects. Since IDO targeting compounds predominantly aim to inhibit metabolic activity as evidenced across the numerous clinical trials currently evaluating safety/efficacy in patients with cancer, in addition to the recent disappointment of IDO enzyme inhibitor therapy during the phase III ECHO-301 trial, the issue of IDO non-enzyme effects have come to the forefront of mechanistic and therapeutic consideration(s). Here, we review enzyme-dependent and -independent IDO-mediated immunosuppression as it primarily relates to glioblastoma (GBM); the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. Our group's recent discovery that IDO levels increase in the brain parenchyma during advanced age and regardless of whether GBM is present, highlights an immunosuppressive synergy between aging-increased IDO activity in cells of the central nervous system that reside outside of the brain tumor but collaborate with GBM cell IDO activity inside of the tumor. Because of their potential value for the
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.