ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2020
One Is Not Enough: Understanding and Modeling Polysubstance Use.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 181 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
181 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 314 citations in OpenAlex.
- Economic evaluation of diversion programs for people with drug-related legal involvement: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- General dental practitioners' knowledge, attitudes and practice towards psychoactive substance use screening: A systematic review.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Pooled it
- Smoked cannabis reduces peak cocaine plasma levels and subjective effects in a controlled drug administration study of polysubstance use in men.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Moderator effects in a randomized controlled trial of the Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) for intimate partner violence and hazardous alcohol use in Zambia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Trial
- Impact of Harm Reduction Treatment with or without Pharmacotherapy on Polysubstance Use among People Experiencing Homelessness and Alcohol Use Disorder.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Young adult polysubstance use trajectories and later non-prescribed opioid use and drug use disorder symptoms: A propensity score-matched analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Emotional urgency and lack of perseverance are linked to anxiety sensitivity and improve during early recovery from opioid use disorder.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Brixadi for Stimulant Use Disorder: Evolving Pharmacologic Considerations and Clinical Implications.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Higher prevalence of non-fatal overdose with opioid and stimulant use compared to use of opioids alone.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- "Once I started going… I had this central wheel hub": Drivers of overdose prevention center engagement and connections to care in Rhode Island.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Substance use patterns from late childhood to mid-adolescence: Updates on the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Assessing usability and acceptability of a VR digital therapeutic for treatment of substance use disorders.Journal of social work practice in the addictions · 2026Article
- Polysubstance use in Canada: prevalence, patterns, and self-reported harms from the 2023 Canadian Substance Use Survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Dual use of tobacco and khat in eastern Ethiopia: a qualitative study.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Comparing Cannabis Use Motivations and Dependence Across Regular Cannabis Users Who Have or Have Not Recently Used Psilocybin.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2026Observational
- Influence of sex, anxiety, and risk-taking behavior on opioid and alcohol polysubstance consumption patterns.Addiction neuroscience · 2026Article
- Service utilization patterns in cocaine use disorder: A data-driven study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Polysubstance use in adolescents: conceptual issues and the need for a new public health framework and approach.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in cannabis potency and cannabis-related psychiatric harms: a 23-year ecological study in Denmark.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between cannabis use, cannabis use motivations and past year polysubstance use among people living with HIV in Florida.AIDS care · 2026Article
121 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease with a highly multifaceted pathology that includes (but is not limited to) sensitivity to drug-associated cues, negative affect, and motivation to maintain drug consumption. SUDs are highly prevalent, with 35 million people meeting criteria for SUD. While drug use and addiction are highly studied, most investigations of SUDs examine drug use in isolation, rather than in the more prevalent context of comorbid substance histories. Indeed, 11.3% of individuals diagnosed with a SUD have concurrent alcohol and illicit drug use disorders. Furthermore, having a SUD with one substance increases susceptibility to developing dependence on additional substances. For example, the increased risk of developing heroin dependence is twofold for alcohol misusers, threefold for cannabis users, 15-fold for cocaine users, and 40-fold for prescription misusers. Given the prevalence and risk associated with polysubstance use and current public health crises, examining these disorders through the lens of co-use is essential for translatability and improved treatment efficacy. The escalating economic and social costs and continued rise in drug use has spurred interest in developing preclinical models that effectively model this phenomenon. Here, we review the current state of the field in understanding the behavioral and neural circuitry in the context of co-use with common pairings of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other addictive substances. Moreover, we outline key considerations when developing polysubstance models, including challenges to developing preclinical models to provide insights and improve treatment outcomes.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.