Trial reportNeurology2020
Minimal manifestation status and prednisone withdrawal in the MGTX trial.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readComparative StudyMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00294658 (A Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Study Comparing Thymectomy to No Thymectomy in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-Center, Single-Blind, Randomized Study Comparing Thymectomy to No Thymectomy in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis (MG) Patients Receiving Prednisone
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-Term Cancer and Mortality After Thymectomy.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Thymectomy with or without maintenance therapy for myasthenia gravis patients: a tri-center, real-world study.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Myasthenia gravis in 2025: five new things and four hopes for the future.Journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Comparison of outcomes and postoperative immunotherapy between patients with non-thymomatous and thymomatous myasthenia gravis following thymectomy.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Short-term and long-term prognoses in AChR-Ab positive very-late-onset myasthenia gravis patients.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Comparison between mono-tacrolimus and mono-glucocorticoid in the treatment of myasthenia gravis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Article
- Guideline for the management of myasthenic syndromes.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Review
- Novel pathophysiological insights in autoimmune myasthenia gravis.Current opinion in neurology · 2022Review
- One-year follow-up of disease burden and medication changes in patients with myasthenia gravis: From the MG Patient Registry.Muscle & nerve · 2022Article
- Factors affecting minimal manifestation status induction in myasthenia gravis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2022Article
- Article
- Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis: A Narrative Review.Saudi journal of medicine & medical sciencesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
47 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Ikjae LeeFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY. leeij15@gmail.com.
Hui-Chien KuoFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Inmaculada B AbanFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Gary R CutterFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Tarrant McPhersonFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Henry J KaminskiFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Jon SussmanFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.ORCID 0000-0001-8916-9520
Philipp StröbelFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Joel OgerFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Gabriel CeaFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Jeannine M HeckmannFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.ORCID 0000-0002-8999-718X
Amelia EvoliFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Wilfred NixFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Emma CiafaloniFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Giovanni AntoniniFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Rawiphan WitoonpanichFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
John O KingFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Said R BeydounFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Colin H ChalkFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Alexandru C BarboiFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Anthony A AmatoFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Aziz I ShaibaniFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Bashar KatirjiFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Bryan R F LeckyFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Camilla BuckleyFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Angela VincentFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Elza Dias-TostaFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Hiroaki YoshikawaFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Marcia Waddington-CruzFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Michael T PulleyFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Michael H RivnerFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Anna Kostera-PruszczykFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.ORCID 0000-0002-7309-1914
Robert M PascuzziFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Carlayne E JacksonFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Jan J G VerschuurenFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Janice M MasseyFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
John T KisselFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Lineu C WerneckFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Michael BenatarFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Richard J BarohnFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Rup TandanFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Tahseen MozaffarFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Robin ConwitFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Greg MinismanFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Joshua R SonettFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
Gil I WolfeFrom the Departments of Neurology (I.L.) and Biostatistics (H.-C.K., I.B.A., G.R.C., T.M., G.M.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (H.J.K.), George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Neurology (J.S.), Greater Manchester Neuroscience Center, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK; Institute of Pathology (P.S.), University Medical Center Göttingen; Division of Neurology (J.O.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Neurology (G.C.), University of Chile, Santiago; Division of Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Neurology (A.E.), Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Department of Neurology (W.N.), Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.C.), University of Rochester Medical Center, NY; Department of Neurosciences (G.A.), Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Division of Neurology (R.W.), Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurology (J.O.K.), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (S.R.B.), University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Department of Neurology (C.H.C.), McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.C.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Neurology (A.A.A.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas (A.I.S.), Houston; Department of Neurology (B.K.), Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH; Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery (B.R.F.L.), Liverpool; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (C.B., A.V.), Oxford University, UK; Unit of Neurology (E.D.-T.), University of Brasilia, Brazil; Department of Neurology (H.Y.), Kanazawa University, Japan; Department of Neurology (M.W.-C.), Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.T.P.), University of Florida, Jacksonville; Department of Neurology (M.H.R.), Augusta University, GA; Department of Neurology (A.K.-P.), Medical University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology (R.M.P.), Indiana School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (C.E.J.), University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Neurology (J.J.G.V.), Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (J.M.M.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Department of Neurology (J.T.K.), Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus; Department of Neurology (L.C.W.), Universidade Federal do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil; Department of Neurology (M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Department of Neurology (R.J.B.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurological Sciences (R.T.), University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California Irvine Medical Center, Orange; Division of Extramural Research (R.C.), NIH, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD; Section of General Thoracic Surgery (J.R.S.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, NY.
MGTX study group
University of Salford · GB
Funding
University of Buffalo Clinical and Translational Science Institute - Supplement SchulyerUL1TR001412 · NCATS · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI MURPHY, TIMOTHY F · 2015 to 2024
$33.8MUAB Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS)UL1TR001417 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI KIMBERLY, ROBERT P. · 2015 to 2018
$31.4MInstitute for Integration of Medicine & Science: A Partnership to Improve HealthUL1TR001120 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI CLARK, ROBERT A, HARGREAVES, KENNETH M · 2013 to 2017
$16.5MHeartland Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR000001 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER · PI BAROHN, RICHARD J. · 2012 to 2015
$13.0MThymectomy in Non-Thymomatous MG Patients on PrednisoneU01NS042685 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUTTER, GARY R · 2005 to 2015
$11.7MInstitute for Integration of Medicine & Science: A Partnership to Improve HealthUL1TR000149 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI CLARK, ROBERT A · 2012 to 2013
$6.8MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000001NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000149NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001120NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001412NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001417NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS042685
Abstract
objectiveTo examine whether sustained minimal manifestation status (MMS) with complete withdrawal of prednisone is better achieved in thymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis (MG).
methodsThis study is a post hoc analysis of data from a randomized trial of thymectomy in MG (Thymectomy Trial in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patients Receiving Prednisone Therapy [MGTX]). MGTX was a multicenter, randomized, rater-blinded 3-year trial that was followed by a voluntary 2-year extension for patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive MG without thymoma. Patients were randomized 1:1 to thymectomy plus prednisone vs prednisone alone. Participants were age 18-65 years at enrollment with disease duration less than 5 years. All patients received oral prednisone titrated up to 100 mg on alternate days until they achieved MMS, which prompted a standardized prednisone taper as long as MMS was maintained. The achievement rate of sustained MMS (no symptoms of MG for 6 months) with complete withdrawal of prednisone was compared between the thymectomy plus prednisone and prednisone alone groups.
resultsPatients with MG in the thymectomy plus prednisone group achieved sustained MMS with complete withdrawal of prednisone more frequently (64% vs 38%) and quickly compared to the prednisone alone group (median time 30 months vs no median time achieved,
conclusionsThymectomy benefits patients with MG by increasing the likelihood of achieving sustained MMS with complete withdrawal of prednisone. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT00294658. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that for patients with generalized MG with AChR antibody, those receiving thymectomy plus prednisone are more likely to attain sustained MMS and complete prednisone withdrawal than those on prednisone alone.
Indexed as
ThymectomyAdolescentAdultAnimalsCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansImmunosuppressive AgentsMaleMiddle AgedMyasthenia GravisPrednisoneRatsSingle-Blind MethodSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeThymomaImmunosuppressive AgentsPrednisone
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Registered trials
NCT00294658ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.