Observational studyNeurology2020
Genetically determined blood pressure, antihypertensive drug classes, and risk of stroke subtypes.
Open access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in Neurology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
56citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
8.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mendelian randomization studies on ischemic stroke: a field synopsis and systematic review.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Genome-Wide Association Study and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Stroke · 2024Pooled it
- European stroke organisation (ESO) guideline on cerebral small vessel disease, part 2, lacunar ischaemic stroke.European stroke journal · 2024Guideline
- The landscape of the methodology in drug repurposing using human genomic data: a systematic review.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Pooled it
- Mendelian randomization studies of lifestyle-related risk factors for stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Appraising the Causal Role of Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Pooled it
- Using Mendelian randomization study to assess the renal effects of antihypertensive drugs.BMC medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Blood Pressure Variability and Outcomes Across Antihypertensive Regimens.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Trial
- The role of glymphatic dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment, and therapeutic implications.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026Review
- Leveraging Mendelian randomization to inform drug discovery and development for ischemic stroke.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Genetic predisposition to diabetes and risk of stroke in a Native Hawaiian population.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2026Article
- Circadian Blood Pressure Phenotyping Identifies Subtype-Specific Risk and Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Study.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Elucidating the causal role of age of menarche, adiposity, lipid fractions, and blood pressure upon cardiovascular disease: a multivariable Mendelian randomization study.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Article
- Article
- The pathogenesis of cerebral small vessel disease and vascular cognitive impairment.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Investigating the Mediating Role of Cardiometabolic Traits in the Causal Link Between SHBG Levels and Stroke Risk via Network Mendelian Randomization.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Optimizing treatment of cardiovascular risk factors in cerebral small vessel disease using genetics.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Antihypertensive Medication Class and Functional Outcomes After Nonlobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Impact of Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectories and Variability on Unexplained Early Neurological Deterioration Post-Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Marios K GeorgakisFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.
Dipender GillFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.
Alastair J S WebbFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.
Evangelos EvangelouFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5488-2999
Paul ElliottFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.
Cathie L M SudlowFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.
Abbas DehghanFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.
Rainer MalikFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.
Ioanna TzoulakiFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4275-9328
Martin DichgansFrom the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital (M.K.G., R.M., M.D.), and Graduate School for Systemic Neurosciences (M.K.G.), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität LMU, Munich, Germany; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health (D.G., E.E., C.L.M.S., A.D., I.T.), UK Dementia Research Institute (P.E., A.D.), Health Data Research-UK London (P.E.), and MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health (I.T.), Imperial College London; Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, Department of Clinical Neurosciences (A.J.S.W.), University of Oxford, UK; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology (E.E., I.T.), University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece; National Institute for Health Research Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre (P.E.), London; Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine (C.L.M.S.), University of Edinburgh, UK; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (M.D.); and German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (M.D.), Munich, Germany. martin.dichgans@med.uni-muenchen.de.ORCID 0000-0002-0654-387X
University of Ioannina · GR
Funding
Department of HealthMedical Research Council MR/L01341X/1Wellcome Trust 206589/Z/17/Z
Abstract
objectiveWe employed Mendelian randomization to explore whether the effects of blood pressure (BP) and BP-lowering through different antihypertensive drug classes on stroke risk vary by stroke etiology.
methodsWe selected genetic variants associated with systolic and diastolic BP and BP-lowering variants in genes encoding antihypertensive drug targets from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on 757,601 individuals. Applying 2-sample Mendelian randomization, we examined associations with any stroke (67,162 cases; 454,450 controls), ischemic stroke and its subtypes (large artery, cardioembolic, small vessel stroke), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH, deep and lobar), and the related small vessel disease phenotype of white matter hyperintensities (WMH).
resultsGenetic predisposition to higher systolic and diastolic BP was associated with higher risk of any stroke, ischemic stroke, and ICH. We found associations between genetically determined BP and all ischemic stroke subtypes with a higher risk of large artery and small vessel stroke compared to cardioembolic stroke, as well as associations with deep, but not lobar ICH. Genetic proxies for calcium channel blockers, but not β-blockers, were associated with lower risk of any stroke and ischemic stroke. Proxies for calcium channel blockers showed particularly strong associations with small vessel stroke and the related radiologic phenotype of WMH.
conclusionsThis study supports a causal role of hypertension in all major stroke subtypes except lobar ICH. We find differences in the effects of BP and BP-lowering through antihypertensive drug classes between stroke subtypes and identify calcium channel blockade as a promising strategy for preventing manifestations of cerebral small vessel disease.
Indexed as
Antihypertensive AgentsBlood PressureCerebral Small Vessel DiseasesGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansHypertensionMendelian Randomization AnalysisStrokeAntihypertensive Agents
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