Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32609835›Full record

ArticleNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2020

Support for Minimum Legal Sales Age Laws Set to Age 21 Across Australia, Canada, England, and United States: Findings From the 2018 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.

Summer Sherburne Hawkins, Janet Chung-Hall, Lorraine Craig, Geoffrey T Fong, Ron Borland, K Michael Cummings, David Levy, Sara C Hitchman

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
1.0field-weighted citation impact, top 25% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.

Summer Sherburne HawkinsBoston College, School of Social Work, Chestnut Hill, MA.
Janet Chung-HallDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Lorraine CraigDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Geoffrey T FongDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Ron BorlandCancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
K Michael CummingsDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
David LevyDepartment of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Georgetown, Washington, DC.
Sara C HitchmanDepartment of Addictions, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
University of Waterloo · CABoston College · USGeorgetown University · USKing's College London · GBMedical University of South Carolina · USOntario Institute for Cancer Research · CAThe University of Melbourne · AU

Funding

Vaporized Nicotine Product Initiation Among Youth in the US, Canada, and England: Methods to Predict Uptake and Policy EfficacyP01CA200512 · NCI · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI FONG, GEOFFREY T · 2016 to 2025
$25.3M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA200512
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionAlthough the United States has seen a rapid increase in tobacco minimum legal sales age (MLSA) laws set to age 21, there is wide variation across high-income countries and less is known about policy support outside of the United States. We examined the prevalence of support for tobacco MLSA 21 laws as well as associations by sociodemographic, smoking, and household characteristics among current and former adult smokers.

methodsIn this cross-sectional analysis, we used the 2018 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey to examine support for MLSA 21 laws among 12 904 respondents from Australia, Canada, England, and United States.

resultsSupport for raising the legal age of purchasing cigarettes/tobacco to 21 ranged from 62.2% in the United States to 70.8% in Canada. Endorsement also varied by age, such that 40.6% of 18-20 years old supported the policy compared with 69.3% of those aged ≥60 years. In the adjusted regression model, there was also higher support among respondents who were female than male, non-white than white, those who did not allow smoking in the household than those that did, and those who had children in the household than those that did not. There were no differences by household income, education, or smoking status.

conclusionsMost current and former smokers, including a sizable minority of those aged ≤20 years, support raising the legal age of purchasing cigarettes/tobacco to 21. IMPLICATIONS: There was strong support for MLSA 21 laws among smokers and former smokers across Australia, Canada, England, and the United States, providing evidence for the increasing public support of the passage of these laws beyond the United States.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAustraliaCanadaCommerceCross-Cultural ComparisonCross-Sectional StudiesEnglandFemaleHealth SurveysHumansMaleMiddle AgedSmokersSmokingSmoking Cessation

Identifiers

PMID32609835
PMCPMC7733059
OpenAlexW3038232310

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.