ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
The molecular biology and immune control of chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Global Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Parasitic Coinfection in People Living with Viruses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- Identification and profiling of HLA-A*02:01-restrictedVirulence · 2026Article
- Article
- Toxoplasma gondii SIR2A Promotes Tachyzoite Invasion via Lysine Deacetylase Activity.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Hijacking Host Communication: The Central Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Infectious Disease Pathogenesis.Cells · 2026Review
- Chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection and its influence on semen analysis in rats: controlled experimental animal study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Toxoplasma gondii-Derived Soluble Factors Induce G2/M Phase Accumulation and p53-Associated Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Vaccination with live-attenuated Toxoplasma gondii mutants RHΔtkl1 and PruΔpp2a-c induces protective immunity in sheep.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Seroprevalence and molecular detection ofFood and waterborne parasitology · 2026Article
- Translational control of Toxoplasma gondii differentiation.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- The Potential of MIC17A both as an Entero-epithelial and Chronic Stage Marker for Detection of Feline Toxoplasmosis.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Licochalcone A as a Potential Anti-Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Investigating the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Parkinson's disease patients and its association with disease severity: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Protection AgainstPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Toxoplasma gondii infection inhibits myotube formation in a 3D model of chicken muscle cell culture.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Vaccinia virus expressing MIC8 and AMA1 provides protection against Toxoplasma gondii ME49 infection.Parasites, hosts and diseases · 2025Article
- Gene expression profiling in cardiac tissue of mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii: implications for immune response pathways.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Applications of virus-like particles in the prevention of protozoan parasite infection.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an incredibly successful parasite owing in part to its ability to persist within cells for the life of the host. Remarkably, at least 350 host species of T. gondii have been described to date, and it is estimated that 30% of the global human population is chronically infected. The importance of T. gondii in human health was made clear with the first reports of congenital toxoplasmosis in the 1940s. However, the AIDS crisis in the 1980s revealed the prevalence of chronic infection, as patients presented with reactivated chronic toxoplasmosis, underscoring the importance of an intact immune system for parasite control. In the last 40 years, there has been tremendous progress toward understanding the biology of T. gondii infection using rodent models, human cell experimental systems, and clinical data. However, there are still major holes in our understanding of T. gondii biology, including the genes controlling parasite development, the mechanisms of cell-intrinsic immunity to T. gondii in the brain and muscle, and the long-term effects of infection on host homeostasis. The need to better understand the biology of chronic infection is underscored by the recent rise in ocular disease associated with emerging haplotypes of T. gondii and our lack of effective treatments to sterilize chronic infection. This Review discusses the cell types and molecular mediators, both host and parasite, that facilitate persistent T. gondii infection. We highlight the consequences of chronic infection for tissue-specific pathology and identify open questions in this area of host-Toxoplasma interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.