ArticleNeurogastroenterology and motility2020
Development and validation of the paediatric Carbohydrate Perception Questionnaire (pCPQ), an instrument for the assessment of carbohydrate-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in the paediatric population.
Article in Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
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- European guideline on indications, performance, and clinical impact of hydrogen and methane breath tests in adult and pediatric patients: European Association for Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Nutrition, European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition consensus.United European gastroenterology journal · 2022Guideline
- Beyond Malabsorption: The Need for Symptom-Based Assessment in Suspected Lactose Intolerance. Lessons From a Test-Specific Symptom Assessment.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Exploring exhaled breath biomarkers for lactose intolerance diagnosis: the Lactobreath pilot study protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- European Consensus on Malabsorption-UEG & SIGE, LGA, SPG, SRGH, CGS, ESPCG, EAGEN, ESPEN, and ESPGHAN: Part 2: Screening, Special Populations, Nutritional Goals, Supportive Care, Primary Care Perspective.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Article
- Development and validation of the paediatric Carbohydrate Perception Questionnaire (pCPQ), an instrument for the assessment of carbohydrate-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in the paediatric population.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is an unmet need for a validated, test-specific symptom questionnaire to evaluate carbohydrate perception during breath tests. Our aim was to develop and validate a questionnaire for the assessment of symptoms after a provocative carbohydrate load.
methodsAfter a literature search and initial focus group-style interviews, five relevant complaints were identified. Responses were given on a Likert-type faces scale with a language children use and understand. Reliability, validity and responsiveness to change were established by the implementation of the questionnaire during breath tests in 215 pediatric subjects. Correlation between the questionnaire and a medical interview by a pediatrician who was blinded to the results of the questionnaire (n = 19) was determined. KEY
resultsThe questionnaire had good face and content validity (Lawshe ratio = 1). Intraclass correlation coefficients for test-retest reliability (n = 116) demonstrated good repeatability (P < .001), and effect sizes were small (Cohen's d < 0.15 for all symptoms). Convergent validity and discriminant validity were supported according to the multitrait-multimethod matrix method. The results obtained by the questionnaire correlated highly with the result of the medical interview (P < .001; Fisher's exact test). Cronbach's alpha was 0.81. Responsiveness was verified for the whole patient group and subgroups with medium to high effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES: The paediatric Carbohydrate Perception Questionnaire (pCPQ) is a simple, test-specific questionnaire for a pediatric population. It is a valid instrument with excellent psychometric properties to assess gastrointestinal symptoms after carbohydrate ingestion. The pCPQ can replace non-validated symptom assessment during carbohydrate breath tests and allows a standardized diagnosis of carbohydrate intolerance.
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