ReviewInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2020
The Role of Toll-Like Receptors 2 and 4 in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Review in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical models of COPD: a state of the art review.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Nano-Encapsulated Black Bean-CultivatedNutrients · 2026Article
- Pathogen-Specific Regulation of Renin-Angiotensin System Genes in Epithelial Cells: A Comparative Study of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein N-Terminal Domain Fragment and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- A pilot study reveals plasma metabolomic and lipidomic signatures of mustard lung disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Identification of Th17 Cell-Associated Biomarkers and Their Potential Regulatory Mechanisms in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis and Machine Learning.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Investigating the therapeutic mechanism of Bufei Decoction in COPD: Schisandrin B targets the TLR4/NF-κB/JAK-STAT signaling pathway.Hereditas · 2025Article
- Local and systemic effects in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-smokers.Respiratory research · 2025Article
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- Immune cell regulatory networks in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: mechanistic analysis from innate to adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune markers for pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting Non-Eosinophilic Immunological Pathways in COPD and AECOPD: Current Insights and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Review
- Novel Inhibitory Actions of Neuroactive Steroid [3α,5α]-3-Hydroxypregnan-20-One on Toll-like Receptor 4-Dependent Neuroimmune Signaling.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Exploring the mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Crohn's disease: a bioinformatics-based study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Assessment of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and after lung transplantation.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Identification of related-genes of T cells in lung tissue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on bioinformatics and experimental validation.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Pulmonary toxicity assessment of polypropylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene microplastic fragments in mice.Toxicological research · 2024Article
- Lung microbiota: implications and interactions in chronic pulmonary diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Currently, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The determination of immune mechanisms of inflammation in the disease presents an important challenge for fundamental medical research. According to modern views, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), among which TLR2 and TLR4 play a key role, are one of the essential components of inflammatory process in COPD. This review focuses on following aspects: the role of TLR2 and TLR4 in the initiation of inflammatory process in COPD; the mechanisms of influence of various exogenous factors (cigarette smoke, suspended particulate matter, and bacteria) on the expression of TLR2 and TLR4; the contribution of these TLRs to the T-helper (Th) immune response development in COPD, in particular to the Th17 immune response, which contributes to the progression of the disease and therapeutic implications of TLR2 and TLR4 in COPD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.